CLASSICS 1011 First-Year Seminar: Ancient Mediterranean Textile Production

Humans of the ancient world had to devote vast amounts of time and resources to the production of textiles such as clothing, bedding, ship's sails, and beyond. In this course you will dive into the textile production techniques of the ancient Mediterranean, with units on fiber preparation, spinning, weaving, laundry, and non-clothing textiles. In addition, we will explore the social structures (especially gender) which influence and are influenced by textile production. This course has a significant hands-on component. It will be approximately 50% engagement with scholarship and 50% studio work. That means that every week you will be participating in the processes that you are reading about. There are no required prerequisite courses or skills, but you must be ready and willing to try new things with your hands. The evidence for ancient fiber production is varied, and so the scholarship portion of this class will involve work in the fields of classical philology, art history, and archaeology.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1120 Freshman Seminar: The World of Cleopatra

Cleopatra -- the last queen of ancient Egypt -- captivated her contemporaries and has fascinated the Western world ever since her famous suicide by asp in 31 BCE. She was a woman of contrasts: Pharaoh of Egypt and Greco-Macedonian queen; seductive woman and shrewd political strategist; a ruthless monarch using every means available to consolidate her position in the face of the encroaching power of the Roman Empire. Through texts and material culture, the seminar will seek to understand Cleopatra in the context both of her native Egypt and of the wider Mediterranean world. We will thus examine the traditions of Pharaonic Egypt; the historical events that brought Egypt under the control of the Macedonian Ptolemies (Cleopatra's dynasty); the wider stage of East-West tension and conquest in which Cleopatra struggled to maintain her power; her relationships (political and personal) with famous men of her day (Caesar, Herod, Mark Antony); her capital city of Alexandria, the largest metropolis of its day; Cleopatra's brilliant court and its luxury arts; and finally the many Cleopatras that have populated art and literature of later times. We will emerge with a sense of Cleopatra, both as a unique individual and as a product of her time.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: CPSC BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 1130 First-Year Seminar: Wining and Dining in the Classical World

The focus of this course will be food culture in Greek and Roman societies from the Archaic to the late Roman period. However, foodways from adjacent contemporary cultures will also be briefly examined. Sources will include textual evidence, as well as ethnographic studies of ancient people, iconographic and archaeological evidence, specifically osteological and botanical remains from archaeological sites. Experimental studies will be conducted in class to augment the learning experience of students.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1140 First-Year Seminar: Ancient Literary Journeys

Recent social histories exploring Greek childhood have emphasized the reconstruction of the ancient child's agency. Such studies have been interested to illuminate the lived experience of children and to apprehend their voices so often silent in the sources. While such inquiry has clearly widened our understanding of ancient children's lives, the present course is designed instead to explore explicitly the representation of children as particularly rich reservoirs of cultural values. Drawing upon a range of art historical and archaeological sources and literary genres, we will examine the ways in which children were presented to mirror back social mores, thus capturing the aspirations of ancient Greek society. As figures of future potential, children continue to offer social historians one of the most striking lenses through which to explore the question of our humanity. The protean answer to this question at once reveals the proximity and vast distance that stands between our modern society and the ancient Greek one.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 1150 First-Year Seminar: Engaging the Classical Past in Modern Fiction

This course will explore the persistent -- but often camouflaged -- influence of classical antiquity on modern genre (popular) fiction. Students will read and discuss both texts from antiquity (e.g., Ovid's Metamorphoses, Lucian's A True History) and selections from the works of major 20th-century authors drawn from the canon of a specific genre. Although popular fiction embraces a wide range of authors and styles, genres that are particularly engaged with the classical past include science fiction (e.g., Jules Verne, Suzanne Collins), fantasy (e.g., J.R.R. Tolkien, Rick Riordan), horror (e.g., H.P. Lovecraft, Stephen King), mystery (e.g., Elizabeth Peters, Steven Saylor), and adventure (e.g., Clive Cussler, David Gibbins). Discussion of these texts will include theorization about the nature of the genre and its origins as well as specific examples of allusions and intertexts to ancient Greek and Roman authors, focusing on the characters, artifacts, monsters, themes, legends, and plot devices drawn from Greco-Roman mythology or modern mythology about Classical antiquity. Course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 1160 First-Year Seminar: Magicians and Witches in Greco-Roman Literature

This course examines the representation of magicians and witches in ancient Greek and Roman literature. The starting point is Apuleius' Metamorphoses (or The Golden Ass, as St. Augustine dubbed it), written in the second century CE. This work of narrative prose collects several tales of witches, magical transformations, and religious revelation. From there, we examine other tales of magicians and witches, paying particular attention to the role of gender in these representations and the conflict between magic and religion. The goal is to understand how these representations function within their particular society, what anxieties they reveal, and how they relate to the archaeological evidence we have for these practices.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 1170 First-Year Seminar: Villians of Ancient Rome

Fall 2024: Who were the ancient Romans? What were their lives like? What did they care about, and what did they believe? In this seminar, you will work to answer these questions and more as you examine the rich culture and literature of the ancient Romans through the lens of villainy. You will read historical and literary accounts of ancient Rome and explore the great villains of the monarchy, republic, and empire-to name a few: Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius Catiline, Livia Drusilla, Marc Anthony, and Agrippina the Younger. As we make our way through our sources you will learn about the daily life, social structures, governments,economies, and multiple religions of Roman culture. Furthermore, you will come to see how traces of Romans (virtuous and villainous) live on today! After a semester of critical reading and class discussions, you should leave the course with a greater understanding of three things: Roman culture broadly, the impact that this culture has on our modern world, and what constitutes a villain in the Roman mind across the centuries. Note: This course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 1171 Christianity and Polytheism in Late Antique Egypt

This course explores the subject of polytheism in late Roman Egypt and the role that Christianity played in shaping a new religious, social, and cultural environment between the third century CE and the advent of Islam in the seventh century. The goal is to gain an understanding of the process by which the new religion spread in a deeply Hellenized part of the Mediterranean world such as Egypt. Indeed, its inhabitants had not only largely adopted the Greek language, but were deeply imbued with Greco-Roman culture and lifestyle, at the same time remaining attached to their traditional religious heritage. The seminar will touch upon issues of religious and cultural resistance, imperial involvement, official propaganda, proselytism, and syncretic manifestations of devotional practice. Attention will also be paid to the variety of forms in which Christianity (and modes of Christian life) developed in Egypt, revealing a complex but deeply fascinating world of ideas and beliefs. The religious topography of pre-Christian Egypt, in which temples were prime visual landmarks, will be examined and compared with the dramatic changes brought about, both to the built and the natural environment, by the appearance and dissemination of Christian places of cult and monastic life.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1180 First Year Seminar: The Emperor Nero: Prince, Monster, Artist

The destructive, scandal-ridden career of the Roman emperor Nero (mid-1st century CE) almost defies belief. From his assumption of power as a teenager to his suicide after a military revolt, Nero flouted political and cultural conventions left and right. His inspiring debut notwithstanding, he killed off his family and mentor, held wild parties, poured money into extravagant projects, and neglected state business to pursue a career on stage. He came to be labeled one of the Bad Emperors, and seen as a symbol of the decline of Rome itself - especially by sympathizers of the Christians he persecuted. Yet Nero as an emperor and a literary character was also a creation of his time. The figure of Nero is examined in his context. The central text is the Life of Nero by Suetonius (2nd century CE), a dense and colorful text read first in its entirety and then more carefully in pieces. Supplementary readings are from the abundant other sources on and interpretations of Nero, both ancient and modern. Discussions and writing assignments are varied and designed to develop analytical and writing skills.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 1190 First-Year Seminar: Power and Persuasion: The Courts and Laws of Ancient Athens

In ancient Athens, each citizen had the power to prosecute others for wrongs committed not only against him but also against society as a whole. Each citizen defended himself without aid of lawyers and judges. This system depended upon an intensely democratic structure of jury courts and laws and upon the development of rhetoric as an artful speech by which to persuade fellow citizens to find one way or the other. Nearly 100 speeches survive from the Athenian courts. and they provide a remarkable window into Athenian society, politics, and law. In addition to reading translations of many of these speeches, we will examine the physical setting of Athenian courts and explore the manner in which this legal system was integral to Athens' democracy.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1330 Ampersand: The Age of Pericles

This seminar will explore the relationship between the sociopolitical history and cultural development of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Students will be encouraged to analyze both archeological and literary evidence throughout the process of democratization, paying particular attention to the Periclean building program, including the sanctuary of Athena on the Acropolis, the Agora, domestic Athenian architecture, and the panhellenic sanctuaries of Delphi and Olympia. Selections from the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides, the plays of Sophocles and Aristophanes, the dialogues of Plato, and Aristotle's Constitution of Athens will highlight the functions and limitations of the democratic regime. This course is for first-year, non-transfer students in the Democracy and Myth in Ancient Greece Ampersand program.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1510 Beginning Coptic I

This course provides an introduction to the Coptic language in the Sahidic (southern) dialect. Coptic was the vernacular language spoken and written in Egypt during the Roman, Byzantine, and Arab periods (until about 1300 CE) and as such is important for studying the history of premodern Egypt. It preserves some of the oldest known translations of the Bible, many apocryphal and heretical books that illustrate the wide diversity of ancient Christianity (e.g., the Gospels of Thomas and Mary), as well as sermons, saints' lives, monastic instructions, and liturgical manuals that still constitute the literary culture of the Coptic Orthodox Church today. In addition, a plethora of magical papyri illustrate medical and religious practices; personal letters reveal the lives of everyday people; and troves of business documents (e.g., contracts, wills, governmental petitions, receipts) have proved important for understanding Roman and Byzantine economies. Because Roman Egypt was a highly bilingual society, there are even instances of Classical Greek literature translated into Coptic (e.g., selections of Homer and Plato), and these offer a unique witness to how such texts were received by Egyptians. The goal of this course is to cover 15 of the 20 lessons in the grammar book. The remainder will be covered in the second level of this course.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 1520 Beginning Coptic II

After completing the remaining grammar lessons from Beginning Coptic I, we will build skill and confidence as translators by reading selections from a variety of Coptic texts: the Sahidic Gospel of Mark, the hagiographic Life of John the Monk, selections from the Gospels of Mary and Thomas, and a unique Coptic translation of Plato's Republic. In our readings from the Bible and Plato, those who read Classical Greek will also have the opportunity to study how ancient translators chose to render the Greek texts into Egyptian, and how, in the process of translation, they changed the meaning of the originals. Prerequisite: Classics 188 or permission of instructor.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 1996 Classics Elective: 100-Level

Course is used transcribing 1000-level Classics electives

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

CLASSICS 2101 Beginning Sanskrit I

This course is an introduction to Classical Sanskrit, the ancient literary language of India. Students will learn to read and write in the Devanagari writing system and be introduced to the basics of Sanskrit grammar. By the end of the course students will be able to produce grammatical paradigms of Sanskrit words, understand and produce complex sentences in Sanskrit, and will even start reading passages of the Mahabharata in the original.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 2110 Beginning Sanskrit II

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 2250 Latin and Greek in Current English

An astonishingly large number of English words, especially in areas such as medicine, science, and law, are derived from Latin and Greek. This course will provide a study of the impact of Latin and Greek on the English language through study of the Latin and Greek roots, prefixes, and suffixes that are most commonly found in English technical and non-technical vocabulary and the linguistic principles through which these elements have entered the English language.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 2340 The Greek World

This course offers an introduction to the society and culture of ancient Greece, the civilization that created Homer, Socrates, and Herodotus, among many others. Using a wide variety of literary, documentary, and material sources, we will focus on one central question: what does it mean to be Greek in antiquity? We will explore how the negotiation of 'Greekness' affects cultural values, how it influences the geopolitics of the ancient Mediterranean, how women, slaves, and immigrants fit (or do not fit) into this Greekness, how ancient Greek democracy arises, and how it dies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 2360 The Roman World

An introduction to the society and culture of the ancient Roman Republic and Empire. The Roman World began as a small settlement by the Tiber River and became a huge and diverse empire extending into three continents, with a cultural legacy that has lasted to this day. The course will cover key events over a millennium of Roman political history, but much of our time will be given to study and analysis of Roman concepts of national identity, moral and political thought, social hierarchies and dynamics, family, religion, and entertainment. To this end, we will examine a diverse combination of primary sources - literary, documentary, and material.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 2510 Projecting the Past: Ancient Greece and Rome in Modern Film

Since the earliest days of film, screenwriters and directors have mined the rich history of Ancient Greece and Rome to captivate audiences with tales of heroes and slaves, soldiers and lovers. This course will examine such cinematic representations across a variety of American and European films from the 20th and 21st century. Drawing upon translated selections from ancient Greek and Roman authors, secondary readings and weekly screenings, students will reflect upon the ways in which film adaptations of antiquity both tell us much about Ancient Greece and Rome and reveal as much about our present as they do the past.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 2900 Directed Research in Classics

Introduces first-years and sophomores to research by engaging them in ongoing faculty research projects within the department. Under the direction of a faculty mentor, students take part in tasks that contribute to the mentor's research. Through this hands-on experience, students learn about the research process and build foundational research skills that can benefit their future academic experience and development. Faculty mentors provide regular guidance, training, and feedback to support students' understanding and growth. Students are registered by the department after approval from the faculty member leading the research project. The course may be taken for 1-3 credit hours based on the weekly hours required. Credit/No Credit only

Credit 3 units.

CLASSICS 2996 Classics Elective: 200-Level

Course is used for transcribing 2000-level Classics electives

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

CLASSICS 3000 Writing Intensive in Ancient Studies

This is a Writing Intensive course involving the study of selected topics in Classics. Recent topics include The Banquet in Antiquity; The Art of Reading and Writing an Ancient Greek Vase; and Golden Ages, Nostalgia, and the Idealized Past.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 3010 Greek Mythology

The myths of ancient Greece are not only inherently interesting, but they are an incomparable starting point for the study of the ancient world, and they have offered numerous images and paradigms to poets, artists, and theorists. This course provides an introduction to the major Greek myths, their role in literature and art, their historical and social background, and ancient and modern approaches to their interpretation. Student work will include discussing course material in sections and online, taking two exams covering both the myths themselves and the ancient authors who represent our richest sources, and writing several essays interpreting or comparing ancient literary treatments. 3 units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

CLASSICS 3060 Race and Identity in Greco-Roman Antiquity

This seminar will start from one big question: Were the ancient Greeks and Romans white? We will examine this question -- and the questions that spring from it -- from two angles. First, using literary and archaeological evidence and informed by modern critical race theory, we will investigate how people living in the ancient Mediterranean understood difference: between themselves and others as well as among their own citizens. Did they have a concept of race at all? If not, how did they theorize difference? Second, we will study how and why the modern race system in the United States uses antiquity and racializes the premodern past. Students will write several short responses to sources over the semester and complete a research paper on a topic of their choice.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3077 From the Renaissance to Nazi Germany:Ancient Greece and Rome in German Nationalism

In 1943 the Nazi SS stormed the Italian Villa Fontedamo in search of a book: the Germania of the ancient Roman historian Tacitus. Storming the villa was just one example of a quest Germans had been undertaking since the Renaissance: to find German national identity with the help of Ancient Greece and Rome. Graeco-Roman antiquity provided the Germans with the first comprehensive description of their  ancient ancestors in the Germania and their first national hero, Arminius. In this course, we will study the impact of that Greece and Rome had on German national identity starting in the 16th century when a group of poet-scholars transformed the Germania and Arminius into central components of German national identity. We will trace it through the Enlightenment in the 17th-18th centuries and into the age of imperialism in the 19th century when the first monument to Arminius was erected in Germany, the so-called "Hermannsdenkmal" (Monument to Arminius). We will end with how the Nazis reinterpreted the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome as a justification for fascism and violent nationalism. We will debate extensively and write in detail about questions of authority, identity, tolerance, intolerance,  belonging, and ultimately why classical culture has been one of the most influential forces of the last 500 years. Our focus will lie on three key questions, each of incomparable relevance in today's world:  1. Why did German nationalists turn to Ancient Greece and Rome? Addressing this question willhelp us understand the decisive role classical antiquity has had since Rome fell in 476 CE  2. What specific mechanisms were used to interpret Graeco-Roman culture and knowledge? Answering this will allow us to evaluate how history is always in service of identity and power.  3. How did German identity develop? Evaluating this will help us understand how Renaissance-era poet-scholars were at the beginning of an identity creation that exploded in the 1900s.  Our goals are to understand classical culture's potential for use and abuse, and to develop tools for historical thought and insight that help us understand the past and present.  Writing Intensive Course

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3150 Gender and Sexuality in Greco-Roman Antiquity

In this course, we'll explore how ancient Greeks and Romans thought about gender and sexuality. We'll draw on ancient texts in translation as well as visual and material culture, and we'll engage with different scholarly approaches to the topic. As we do this, we'll discuss questions such as: How did the Greeks and the Romans define masculinity and femininity? What can we tell from our sources about those who did not fit neatly into this binary? How did ancient Greeks and Romans think about male and female anatomy and psychology? How did the Greeks and the Romans construct sexuality and how did they approach homosexual and heterosexual relationships? How did class, ethnicity, and age intersect with ideas about gender and sexuality in antiquity? We'll study both societal ideals as well as individuals who broke norms. While our focus will be on the ancient world, we'll also think about how the past can provide new perspective on the present.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3160 The Women of Greek Tragedy

This course examines the role of women in Athenian drama. Students will read English translations of the works of the three major tragedians -- Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides -- and their near contemporary, the comedian Aristophanes. Direct engagement with ancient texts will encourage students to develop their own interpretations of and written responses to the political, social, and ethical manipulation that these mythological women were compelled to endure and the subtle ways in which they appear to exercise power themselves. Selected scholarly articles and book chapters will help students to contextualize these ancient dramas in their culture of origin. Because such issues continue to preoccupy both sexes today, students will see how Greek tragedy addresses perennial historical and cultural concerns through the examination of adaptations of Greek tragedies ranging from Seneca in ancient Rome to Spike Lee's Chi-Raq and Luis Alfaro's Mojada: A Medea in Los Angeles. The final research paper will encourage students to consider how a specific female character from antiquity is transformed for a modern dramatic audience.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 3230 The Arts and Culture of Rome

An introduction to the culture of the ancient Romans as revealed by their arts, literature, and institutions.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: AH BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3370 Ancient History: Greece

Emphasis on Athenian democracy and imperialism, the crisis of the polis, Alexander the Great, and the emergence of an international culture.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3400 Guided Research Experiences in Field Archaeology

Credit 3 units.

CLASSICS 3410 Ancient History: The Roman Republic

Rome from its legendary foundation until the assassination of Julius Caesar. Topics include: the establishment, development, and collapse of Rome's Republican government; imperial expansion; Roman culture in a Mediterranean context; and the dramatic political and military events associated with figures like the Carthaginian general Hannibal, the Thracian rebel Spartacus, and the Roman statesman Cicero.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3420 Ancient History: The Roman Empire

An introduction to the political, military, and social history of Rome from the first emperor Augustus to the time of Constantine. Topics include: Rome's place as the center of a vast and diverse empire; religious movements, such as Jewish revolts and the rise of Christianity; and the stability of the state in the face of economic crises, military coups, and scandals and intrigues among Rome's imperial elite.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring, Summer

CLASSICS 3450 Greek History: The Dawn of Democracy

From the so-called Dark Ages to the death of Socrates, a survey of the political, social, economic, and military development of early Greece, with emphasis upon citizenship and political structure, religion and culture, and the complex relationships between Greeks and neighboring peoples.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3460 Greek History: The Age of Alexander

From the death of Socrates until the foundation of the Roman Empire, Greece and the Ancient Near East underwent profound changes that still resonate today. This course surveys the political, social, economic, and military developments of this period, especially Alexander the Great's legacy.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3560 Ancient Sport and Spectacle

Ancient sport and spectacle seem both familiar and foreign to us today. We share the Greek obsession with athletic success, and we have revived their Olympic games-and yet the Greeks competed nude and covered in oil and included in their celebration a sacrifice of 100 oxen to Zeus. So too do we recognize the familiar form of the Roman arena, but recoil from the bloody spectacles that it housed. In this class we will examine the world of ancient Greco-Roman sport and spectacle, seeking to better understand both ancient culture and our own. We will consider Greek athletic competition, Roman gladiatorial combat, chariot racing, and other public performances. We will set these competitions in their social and historical context, considering both their evolution and their remarkable staying power.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3670 Ancient Political Thought

The course examines the most significant ancient attempts to construct an ethically and practically viable politics. Topics include imperialism, citizenship, the cultivation of virtue, utopianism, and dissent. Although the focus is on understanding key texts as interventions in particular contexts, attention is also paid to contemporary reinventions of ancient thought. Readings are drawn from historians (Herodotus, Thucydides), philosophers (Plato, Aristotle), and orators (Demosthenes, Cicero).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC BU: BA

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3700 Ancient Writing

A survey of the development of writing and ancient writing systems, including cuneiform, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Mycenaean Greek, Etruscan, early Latin, Irish Ogam, Asian writing systems, and Mayan Glyphs.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3750 Topics in Comparative Literature: Pastoral Literature

Credit 3 units.

CLASSICS 3753 Writing About the Ancient World

Classics courses at the 300 level with enhanced requirements in writing may be taken under this designation as writing-intensive courses. REQUIRED: PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3800 Ancient Greek and Roman Medicine

This course introduces students to the practice and theory of medicine in the ancient Mediterranean, beginning in Egypt and continuing through Greece and Rome. It ends in the Middle Ages. Greco-Roman medicine will be our focus. How was disease understood by practitioners and, as far as can be reconstructed, by laypeople? What form did surgical, pharmacological, and dietitic treatment take? What were the intellectual origins of Greek medicine? The social status of medical practitioners? How was medicine written and in what terms did its practitioners conceive it?

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3830 Magicians, Healers, and Holy Men

Magic is perhaps not one of the first words one associates with Greco-Roman antiquity. Yet for most individuals living in the ancient Mediterranean, including philosophers, businessmen, and politicians, magic was a part of everyday life. Casting spells, fashioning voodoo dolls, wearing amulets, ingesting potions, and reading the stars are just some of the activities performed by individuals at every level of society. This course examines Greco-Roman, early Christian, and Judaic magical practices. Students read spell-books which teach how to read the stars, make people fall in love, bring harm to enemies, lock up success in business, and win fame and the respect of peers. Students also look at what is said, both in antiquity and in contemporary scholarship, about magic and the people who practiced it, which helps illuminate the fascinating relationship between magic, medicine, and religion.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3850 Comedy, Ancient and Modern

In this course we will examine the nature of dramatic comedy and its role in society. We will read, discuss and write about comedies from ancient Greece and Rome and from various modern nations, paying particular attention to the following questions: Do comic plays reinforce or challenge the preconceptions of their audiences? How have comic playwrights responded to issues such as class, gender, religion, and politics? Why does comedy have such power both to unite and to divide people? This course has an extensive writing component, so much of our time will be spent writing about the comedies we will read, revising what we have written, and discussing how best to write about comedy.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Art: CPSC BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 3890 The Ancient Novel

Many modern readers are familiar with the mythological and dramatic literature of Greco-Roman antiquity, but fewer are aware that the same cultures developed a tradition of prose fiction concerned with romance, human psychology and sexuality, exotic travel and adventure, and religious experience. The European tradition of extended fictional narrative begins with the Greeks, and their novels, along with Apuleius' GOLDEN ASS and Petronius' SATYRICON, had a formative influence on later narrative traditions. Students read and analyze all the surviving examples of the Greco-Roman novel, including some fragmentary works, with the goal of throwing light on the history and conventions of the genre, its appeal, and its influence.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3990 Undergraduate Teaching Assistant

Exceptional undergraduates serve as teaching assistants for selected lecture courses. Credit may not be counted towards a major in Classics or Ancient Studies. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 3996 Classics Elective: 300-Level

Course is used for transcribing 3000-level Classics electives

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

CLASSICS 4012 Ancient Greek Numismatics

Coins are one of the most powerful, mysterious, and enduring inventions of classical antiquity. Invented in western Anatolia c. 2,700 years ago, coins transformed every economy into which they entered and quickly became one of the hallmarks of ancient Greek society above all others. Adorned with a bewildering array of symbols for the kings and city-states that minted them,

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4080 Sacred Ways and Holy Spaces: Athenian Religion and Topography

From seashore to mountain top, ancient Athens was famous for being a landscape rich with myth and religion. In order to worship their gods with processions, sacrifices, and other acts of devotion, Athenians moved through, across, and within space as defined by such things as sacred roads, monumental gateways and altars, and even places considered so holy that one was forbidden to enter. This course will introduce students to the study of place (topography) and to the methods and evidence by which we can determine where specific buildings and sites were, how they were used, and what they signified. We will explore major sites like the Acropolis as well as a variety of other temples, shrines, and holy sites across urban and rural landscapes alike, each of which structured space in itsr own way. By examining a wide range of archaeological and textual evidence (c. 800 BC-AD 400), we will develop an integrated understanding of Athenian religious belief and ritual in the context of architecture and space. While this course will concentrate on the topography of architecturally definable religious sites, we will also explore religious practices (e.g., magic, early Christianity) that employed the landscape in fundamentally different ways than other parts of the Athenian religious system.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4230 The Reception of Egypt in the Graeco-Roman World

Ancient Greeks and Romans found Egypt to be an exceptionally enthralling world, in terms not only of its physical features but also of its people, monuments, and traditions. This course will explore how different views of Egypt emerged in the Graeco-Roman world; it will also investigate the possible reasons for the remarkable popularity and allure of Egypt and things Egyptian as reflected in the writings of Greek and Roman authors as well as in the art and architecture of the Mediterranean world in Classical antiquity. In this seminar, we will read primary literary sources (in translation) that focus on the reception of ancient Egypt and, more specifically, its history, religion, and customs. Several of these sources also offer a privileged viewpoint to investigate how the perception of notable Egyptian figures -- chiefly Cleopatra -- was shaped by Rome to suit a specific agenda. In addition to the written sources, we will look at the artistic and archaeological evidence that best showcases the impact of Egypt's legacy on Graeco-Roman traditions. The readings assigned for each class will also provide a broad sample of secondary sources, consisting of some of the most significant scholarship on the image of Egypt in Classical antiquity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4250 The Archaeology of Christian Monasticism

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: AH, HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4260 Ancient Athens

Athens was one of the great cities of antiquity. From lavishly decorated marble temples on the Acropolis, to public office buildings and inscriptions in the Agora (civic center), to the houses of the living and the monuments for the dead, the city has left a rich record of her material culture. These buildings and objects, together with an exceptionally large number of literary and historical texts, make it possible to paint a vivid picture of the ancient city. The course concentrates on the physical setting and monuments of Athens, as revealed by both archaeology and texts, and how they functioned within the context of Athenian civic and religious life. PREREQUISITES: CLA 345C, CLA 350, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4360 Topics in Ancient Studies

Study of one or more themes recurring in the traditions of Greek and Roman literature, history, and culture. Topic will vary each semester.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 4420 The Later Roman Empire: From Constantine to Justinian

Covers the period from c. 300 through the reign of Justinian. Focus on legal developments and codification of law, social changes, rise of Christianity, and fall of the Roman Empire in the west. PREREQUISITES: CLA 342C OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4530 The Greek Symposion

This course explores the history, archaeology, material culture, and sociology of the symposion in ancient Greece. While we will focus mainly on the archaic and classical Greek symposion, we will also examine its reception in the Roman world. In this context, we will study art and literature produced for the symposion, as well as representations of the symposion in literature, especially in lyric poetry, drama, and philosophical prose.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4620 Ancient Greek and Roman Music

Music played a vital role in ancient Greece and Rome. New resources and perspectives now allow us to appreciate the ancients' music better than ever before. This course addresses the nature of ancient music (instruments, melody and rhythm, modes), ancient attitudes towards music, and its contribution to public and private life. Although the focus throughout will be on our ancient sources, both literary and archaeological, this course will also address the work done by experimental archaeology and present day musicians in reconstructing the soundscapes of ancient music.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4640 Ancient Madness

In this course we will ask what madness meant in Greek and Roman culture. We will find reading strategies that are sensitive both to ancient evidence and to the ethical demands of talking about, evaluating, and categorizing people treated as mad. While we will concentrate on literary (particularly tragic and epic), philosophical, and medical texts, we will also look at visual representations and evidence from ritual and cult. An important part of our project will involve tracing the afterlife of classical ideas: the history of melancholia will ground this aspect of the course. Finally, we will consider how antiquity informs psychoanalysis (Oedipus, Antigone, Narcissus), and how ancient madness might partake in a critique of contemporary understandings of mental illness.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4701 Ancient Greek and Roman Gynecology

This course examines gynecological theory and practice in ancient Greece and Rome, from about the 5th century BCE to the 3rd century CE. The task is complicated by the nature of our evidence. Our surviving textual sources are authored exclusively by men, mainly physicians. They have a pronounced tendency to conceptualize the health and disease in terms of a single body, which was male by default. They distinguished female bodies from male primarily in reproductive aspects. How exactly did these physicians understand diseases of women and, as far as can be recovered, to what extent were their views represented among laypeople? What form did treatment take and what was the social status of practitioners, both that of our extant sources and female practitioners whose voices have largely been silenced by the textual tradition? We will approach the study of Greek and Roman gynecology, first from the perspective of Greco-Roman medical views, then from the point of view of contemporary Western biomedicine. The limited nature of our sources will allow students to read the majority of surviving material. These primary readings will be accompanied by current secondary scholarship that explores these fascinating and often frustrating questions about the female body in ancient medical thought. All primary materials will be available in English translation. There will be an option for students with a background in Greek or Latin to form a satellite reading group. The course does not assume familiarity with Greek and Roman medicine more broadly.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4760 Money, Exchange, and Power: Economy and Society in the Ancient Mediterranean World

From seaborne trade and banking to slavery and the impact of new technology, the economy of the ancient Mediterranean world constitutes a particularly dynamic field of study. To examine a society's underlying economics is to gain critical insight into those historical phenomena that are themselves the product of multiple, overlapping dimensions of human action and thought. This course engages directly with a fascinating array of primary evidence for economic behaviors, beliefs, structures, and institutions among the Romans, Greeks, and their neighbors. We will also explore the methodological challenges and implications of that evidence as well as a variety of modern theoretical approaches. This year our focus is mainly upon developments among the Greeks, ranging from the transformative invention of coinage to the rise of commercial networks centered around religious sanctuaries like Delos.PREREQ: CLA 341C OR 342C OR 345C OR 346C OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4770 Olympian Shadows: Macedon and Its Neighbors in Antiquity

The home of both Alexander the Great and Aristotle, Macedon was pivotal to the course of ancient Greek and Roman history and yet stood apart as a culturally and politically distinct region. Macedonian dynasts dominated the Hellenistic world and deeply shaped Roman reception of Greek culture, while others profoundly affected the intellectual life of antiquity. We will explore topics ranging from ethnicity, religion, and the nature of kingship to urbanization and Macedon's emergence as a great power until its subsequent transformation at the hands of the conquering Romans. We will pay special attention to Macedon's neighbors, especially Thrace and Illyria, as well as to Macedon's relationships with the Persian Empire and the Greek coastal colonies. PREREQUISITES: AT LEAST ONE SEMESTER OF CLASSICS 341C, 342C, 345C, OR 346C, OR INSTRUCTOR'S PERMISSION.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 4800 Roman Coins and Their Stories

This course will provide insights into everyday life in Rome and its territories through the evidence of the coins minted from the Roman Republic until the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 and beyond. We will discuss general numismatics, starting with the history of coins and coinage, and we will understand how these small objects became an intrinsic part of the Roman way of life and what evidence they provide for daily life in Rome, from ideology to religion and from politics and culture.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4900 Independent Study

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 4930 Senior Project

For Classics or Ancient Studies majors who wish to fulfill their capstone requirement in Classics through a one-semester research project. A structured research assignment or independent project under the supervision of one of the department's faculty is required. Prerequisites: Senior standing and permission of the Chair of the Department.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

CLASSICS 4970 Study for Honors

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. Prereq: Overall GPA of 3.65.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall

CLASSICS 4980 Study for Honors

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. Prereq: Overall GPA of 3.65.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Spring

CLASSICS 4996 Classics Elective: 400-Level

Course is used for transcribing 4000-level Classics elective units

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

GREEK 1510 Beginning Greek I

An introduction to Classical Greek (Attic), which will prepare the student to read texts in Greek History, Philosophy, and Medicine as well as the New Testament. This course builds the foundations for readings in Greek Tragedy, Comedy, and Lyric poetry. Our goal will be to develop reading knowledge as rapidly and efficiently as possible. By the end of the year the student should be reading continuous Greek prose.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 1520 Beginning Greek II

Continuation of the program begun in Greek 101D. Students will complete their initial study of Classical Greek grammar and will begin reading selections from ancient Greek authors. Prerequisite: Greek 101D, or permission of the instructor.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 1590 Intensive Beginning Greek I

An intensive study of Attic Greek.

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 1E996 Greek Elective: 1000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 1000- level GREEK elective units.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

GREEK 2010 Intensive Beginning Greek II

Completion of work begun in Greek 190D followed by readings in original Greek poetry and prose. Successful completion of Greek 210 will allow the student to proceed directly to Greek 318C. PREREQ: GREEK 190D OR PLACEMENT BY EXAMINATION.

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 2900 Independent Study

For students who wish to acquire or consolidate basic language skills in ancient Greek, under the direction of a faculty member. Prerequisite: permission of the department.

Credit 6 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

GREEK 2996 Greek Elective: 2000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 2000-level GREEK elective units.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

GREEK 3170 Introduction to Greek Literature: Plato

Introduction to Attic prose through the reading of Plato's APOLOGY and related texts. Prerequisite: L09 102D or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 3180 Introduction to Greek Literature: Homer

Introduction to epic poetry through the reading of selections from Homer's ILIAD and ODYSSEY. Prerequisite: Greek 210, Greek 316C, or Greek 317C.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 3900 Independent Study

 This course is for independent study.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

GREEK 3996 Greek Elective: 3000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 3000-level GREEK elective units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

GREEK 4110 Homer: The Odyssey

Prerequisite:  Greek 312C or permission of the department.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4130 Homer: The Iliad

This course will develop students' ability to read Homeric Greek and will serve as an introduction to the academic study of Homeric poetry.  Students will be expected to read sizable amounts of Homeric text and to develop an expertise in the grammar of Homeric language, both from a practical and a linguistic perspective.  A wide range of scholarly topics will be included in this course, but chief among them will be the nature of Homeric composition and the relationship between orality and literacy in the history of Homer and of Greek poetry generally.   PREREQ: GREEK 318C OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4160 Hesiod

In this course, we will read substantial passages from the works attributed to Hesiod, an archaic period Greek poet whose style and subject matter are often contrasted to Homer, and whose influence on Greek literary culture was second only to Homer's. Hesiod's two major poems - Theogony and Works and Days - form important evidence for the Greek rhapsodic tradition, and the mythological content and compressed styles of these mini-epics strongly influenced later Hellenistic Greek and Roman poets. Through discussion of readings from recent scholarship, we will consider topics including the authorship and dating of the Hesiodic corpus, Hesiod's Near-Eastern influences, oral poetics, mythography, genre studies, and narratology. Preparation of substantial Greek reading assignments will be supplemented with frequent practice of scansion (both written and oral) and the parallel development of sight translation skills. Students will be responsible for the development of a portfolio consisting of written translations, creative and interpretive mini-projects, a commentary, and an original research project.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4210 Sophocles

In this course, we will read closely two plays by Sophocles: OEDIPUS REX and TRACHINIAN WOMEN.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4220 Euripides

The tragedies of Euripides are among the most powerful dramas ever produced. In this class we will read one or more plays of Euripides in Greek as well as scholarly works on the tragedies. Among the topics discussed will be language and style, meter and music, mythological and historical backgrounds, elements of performance, and Euripides' influence in the modern world. PREREQUISITES: GREEK 318C OR PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4230 Aeschylus

This course will focus on Aeschylus' SEVEN AGAINST THEBES and on the PROMETHEUS BOUND; in addition, we will look at a few fragmentary plays. Readings will include relevant secondary literature.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4240 Aristophanes

A close reading of CLOUDS, FROGS, and PLUTUS, three plays that span the career of Aristophanes.  No other author can tell us more about the lives and sensibilities of fifth- and fourth-century Athenians.  PREREQ:  GRK 318C OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.  (INTERESTED FRESHMEN SHOULD CONSULT THE INSTRUCTOR AND CANNOT REGISTER WITHOUT PERMISSION.)

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4300 Herodotus

The Histories of Herodotus are our most important source for a key period of Greek history and are also a delight to read. We will read in Greek sections from various parts of the Histories. Among the topics discussed will be Herodotus' attitudes towards cultural and ethnic differences, the accuracy of Herodotus' narrative, and Herodotus' literary techniques. PREREQUISITES: GREEK 318C OR PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4310 Thucydides

The course aims to help students read and comprehend the historian in the original.  PREREQUISITE:  GREEK 318C OR PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.  (INTERESTED FRESHMEN SHOULD CONSULT THE INSTRUCTOR AND CANNOT REGISTER WITHOUT PERMISSION.)

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4320 The Attic Orators

More than mere prose, Attic oratory consists of a rich body of literature in which style was paramount to its persuasive aims, and provides vital evidence for Athenian culture, politics, mores, institutions, thought, and history. This course will survey a representative-and important-sample of forensic, epideictic, and symbouleutic speeches from classical Athenian oratory, and will give special attention to the social, legal and political context of these speeches. In addition, the class will focus on improving students' command of syntax, vocabulary and idiom as the basis for further development as well as the study of different orators and their style. Prerequisites: L09 317C & 318C or the equivalent.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4360 Attic Prose of the 4th Century BC

Selected texts of Attic orators, Xenophon, Plato, or Aristotle; specific readings for each semester in COURSE LISTINGS. May be repeated for credit for study of a different author or text.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4370 Topics in Greek Poetry

Reading in Greek and discussion of one or more texts by one or more ancient Greek poets. May be repeated for credit for study of different texts.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4380 Topics in Greek Literature

Study of selected problems, eras, or generic sequences; specific topic for each semester in Course Listings. May be repeated for credit for study of different topics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4390 The Greek Novel:

AN ETHIOPIAN STORY by Heliodorus (4th century CE) is a Greek novel unparalleled in length, ingenious in construction, and sophisticated in style. As expected, a pair of ill-fated but faithful lovers suffer their way through the tale. That tale, meanwhile, is steeped in Greek literary and philosophical history, and Heliodorus is fascinated by identity-formation in the cosmopolitan world he depicts. Issues of race and ethnicity take center stage as we follow our hero and heroine from Greece to Ethiopia. Across the semester we will engage the social and political stances the novel takes, while we also translate and analyze selections in Greek and read the whole novel in translation. PREREQ: GREEK 317C AND 318C OR THE EQUIVALENT, AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4400 Lucian

Lucian's TRUE HISTORIES is neither true, nor a history, but it is often called the first science fiction novel. Lucian's voice is one of the most distinctive in antiquity: wry, sarcastic, and too clever by half. He feels distinctly modern but is steeped in the literary tradition before him. In this class, we will read his TRUE HISTORIES and several other of his works, with a focus on his questions about truth and fiction, and his engagement with other genres of writing, including historiography, epic, philosophy, and rhetoric. We also read about the first journey to the moon.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4450 Greek Prose Composition

The tradition of writing in Attic Greek stretches from classical antiquity to the present. In this course, students will become connoisseurs of that tradition and enter into it themselves. In the process, they will become better Hellenists. Each week, students will review points of Greek grammar, compose Greek sentences illustrating those points, read and analyze the style of a Greek passage, and write an original Greek composition of their own device. We will focus not only on grammatical and idiomatic accuracy but also on elegance of style. In this course, students will develop a more nuanced understanding of the Attic Greek language in all its many-splendored glory. They will thereby increase their ability to read ancient Greek with depth, ease, and pleasure. Prerequisite: Greek 317C and Greek 318C or equivalent and sophomore standing or higher. Note: This course is required for MA and PhD students in Classics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4510 Plato

This course will focus on a set of Plato's dialogues known as his Early Dialogues. We will read two and perhaps three of the Euthyphro, Protagoras, and Meno in Greek. We will accompany these readings with a relatively small sample of secondary scholarship in English that aims at contextualizing the dialogues in the broader scope of Plato's work. Our aim will be to gain familiarity with Plato as a prose author as well as a philosophical thinker.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

GREEK 4600 There Be Dragons: Greek Encounters With the Unknown in History and Legend

How did ancient Greeks imagine their world, both in terms of geography and ethnography? What did they know -- or think they knew -- about foreign cultures and faraway lands such as India, Persia, Africa, and the distant north? How have their representations of foreigners influenced European conceptions of the self and others, even into our own time? This course examines these questions by focusing primarily on two foundational authors: first, Herodotus, the father of history, who provides a wealth of information about ancient geography and the customs and lifestyles of non-Greek peoples; and second, Apollonius of Rhodes, whose epic poem The Argonautica tells the legendary tale of Jason and the Argonauts' search for the Golden Fleece. We will read extensive passages of these books in ancient Greek and, we will read and discuss additional passages in English translation, along with modern scholarship and atlases with historical and modern maps.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4710 Galen's On Prognosis: A Social History of Medicine in Second-Century Rome

Galen of Pergamum was a Greek physician, philosopher, and intellectual active throughout most of the second century CE. He was also a voracious reader and writer of Greek literature; his surviving work far exceeds the extant output of any other Greek author before the third century CE. In this course, we will be reading Galen's treatise On Prognosis, in which he recounts his career in the city of Rome, from his arrival in the early 160s through his tenure as an imperial physician to at least the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. While ostensibly a medical account, On Prognosis has little to say on technical medical issues. Rather, Galen's story is a carefully constructed professional autobiography that pivots from searing denouncements of Roman life to tense public performances of medical expertise and finally to intimate case histories of Rome's rich and powerful. The text presents us a fascinating window through which to examine not only the social practice of elite medicine in Rome of the second century but also the complicated experience of a Greek intellectual navigating the corridors of the Imperial court. Course goals include improving accuracy and speed in reading Greek prose, acquiring greater familiarity with intellectual discourse of the Imperial Period, and training in methods of research and writing.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4900 Independent Study

 This course is for independent study.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

GREEK 4970 Study for Honors

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. PREREQUISITE: OVERALL GPA OF 3.65.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

GREEK 4980 Study for Honors

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. PREREQUISITE: OVERALL GPA OF 3.65.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

GREEK 4996 Greek Elective: 4000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 4000-level GREEK elective units.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

LATIN 1510 Beginning Latin I

An introduction to Latin, the language of Ancient Rome and the European Middle Ages and Renaissance, and the most important source of English medical and scientific terms. Beginning with the foundations of Latin grammar, students will work towards developing reading knowledge with the goal of reading literary texts. Students who have already begun their study of Latin should consult the Chair of the Department to discuss placement.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 1520 Beginning Latin II

Continuation and completion of the program begun in Latin 101D. PREREQUISITE: LATIN 101D OR EQUIVALENT OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 1590 Intensive Elementary Latin I

An accelerated study of Latin grammar. For students with previous knowledge of Latin, graduate students outside of Classics, and for students willing to work at an accelerated pace.

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: IS

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 1996 Latin Elective: 1000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 1000-level LATIN elective units.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

LATIN 2090 Intensive Introductory Latin: From Grammar Basics to Translation

An intensive introduction to Latin, especially suitable for graduate students in the humanities, social, and natural sciences, but open to undergraduates who seek permission from the Department of Classics. Thorough introduction to grammar, vocabulary, and syntax will be supplemented by translation practice. The last part of the course will focus on translation of substantial selections from Latin authors including Vergil and Ovid. Students who complete the summer course should subsequently be able to enroll in a 300-level Latin course.

Credit 6 units. A&S IQ: LCD

Typical periods offered: Summer

LATIN 2111 Intensive Introductory Latin I: Introduction to Grammar and Translation

An intensive introduction to Latin, especially suitable for graduate students in the humanities, social, and natural sciences, but open to undergraduates who seek permission from the Department of Classics. Thorough introduction to grammar, vocabulary, and syntax will be supplemented by translation practice. The last part of the course will focus on translation of short selections from Latin authors including Vergil, Cicero and Ovid. Students who complete this course will be able to enroll in the continuation course of LATN L10 2120 Intensive Latin II.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

Typical periods offered: Summer

LATIN 2121 Intensive Introductory Latin II: Intermediate Syntax and Translation

This course is an intensive introduction to Latin, especially suitable for graduate students in the humanities, social, and natural sciences, but open to undergraduates who seek permission from the Department of Classics. A thorough introduction to grammar, vocabulary, and syntax, continuing from Intensive Latin I. L10 2110. In this continuation course there will be a greater emphasis on Latin syntax and the translation of Classical texts. The last part of the course will focus on translation of substantial selections from Latin authors including Vergil, Cicero and Ovid. Students who complete Intensive Latin II: Intermediate, should subsequently be able to enroll in a 300-level Latin course. Prereq: L10 Latin 2110

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

Typical periods offered: Summer

LATIN 2900 Independent Study

For students who wish to acquire or consolidate basic language skills in Latin, under direction of a faculty member. Prerequisite: permission of the department.

Credit 6 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 2996 Latin Elective: 2000-Level

This course is for transcribing 2000-level LATIN elective units.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

LATIN 3010 Introduction to Latin Literature I

Review of Latin grammar and syntax and development of reading skills and translation techniques through short readings from original texts in prose and poetry such as Caesar and Ovid. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 102D OR LATIN 190D, PLACEMENT BY EXAMINATION, OR PERMISSION OF INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 3020 Introduction to Latin Literature II: Elementary Prose and Poetry

Appreciation of literary forms through study of selected elementary literary texts in Latin prose and poetry. PREREQUISITE: LATIN 301, PLACEMENT BY EXAMINATION, OR PERMISSION OF THE INSTRUCTOR.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 3170 Survey of Latin Literature: The Republic

A sampling of the major literary achievements of the last two centuries of the Roman Republic, including prose and verse authors. Readings are typically drawn from Catullus, Lucretius, Caesar, and Cicero. There will be regular, selective grammar review and discussion of translation strategies. PREREQUISITE: LAT 102D OR LAT 190D WITH A GRADE OF B+ OR BETTER, OR LAT 301 AND LAT 3161, OR PLACEMENT BY EXAMINATION.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 3180 Survey of Latin Literature: The Empire

Readings in the verse and prose literature of the Roman Empire, particularly its first two centuries, with targeted grammar review and stylistic analysis. Readings may be drawn from Vergil, Livy, Suetonius, or other appropriate authors. PREREQUISITE: LAT 102D WITH A GRADE OF B+ OR BETTER, OR LAT 301, OR LAT 3161, OR PLACEMENT BY EXAMINATION.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 3900 Independent Study

For students who wish to consolidate language skills in Latin, under direction of a faculty member. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

Credit 6 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 3996 Latin Elective: 3000-Level

This course is used for transcribing 3000- level LATIN elective units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

LATIN 4010 Medieval Latin

This class is a survey of Latin literature from late antiquity (4th-6th centuries) to the late Middle Ages (13th century). We will read selections from Latin prose and poetry by both male and female authors of this period, including excerpts from the Historia Ecclesiastica of the Anglo-Saxon scholar Bede (the Venerable). Class-time will center on translation of the readings and discussion of the texts.  All students should have access to a good Latin dictionary (the large edition of Lewis and Short is recommended; the large Oxford Latin Dictionary is not) and a Latin grammar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4081 The Catilinarian Conspiracy

In this course we will study one of the most fascinating and best documented episodes of the late Roman Republic, the Catilinarian Conspiracy of 63-62 BCE. The conspiracy, an attempted coup led by the apparently dissolute and certainly disaffected aristocrat Catiline, was uncovered and suppressed by the consul Marcus Tullius Cicero. We will read the main literary sources for the conspiracy in Latin (Cicero's first and third Catilinarian speeches; Sallust's Bellum Catilinae) or in English (Cicero's second and fourth Catilinarian speeches; Cicero's Pro Murena and Pro Sulla; short extracts from other texts). We will consider these texts both as historical sources and as works of literature.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4130 Latin Philosophical Writers

Readings among various writers of philosophy in Latin, ranging from Cicero to Seneca to Augustine. Texts will vary. Therefore, course may be taken more than once.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4150 Cicero

Cicero's PHILIPPICS, speeches denouncing Mark Antony after the death of Julius Caesar, are masterpieces of invective from one of Rome's greatest orators. We will read PHILIPPICS 1 and 2, paying particular attention to: Cicero's language and style; rhetorical genre; and Cicero's assassination of Antony's character in the political and cultural context of the 1st century BCE. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4160 Seneca

The tragedies of Seneca are fascinating works in themselves and have had a profound influence on modern theatre and literature. In this class we will read one or more plays of Seneca in Latin as well as scholarly works on the tragedies. Among the topics discussed will be the tradition of tragedy in Rome, questions of performance, and Seneca's responses to the politics and philosophy of his age. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4170 Seneca: Philosopher and Friend

Seneca the Younger was a philosopher, politician, playwright, and propagandist; he rose from the province of Spain to become tutor and advisor to Nero, only to fall from favor and commit suicide at the emperor's command. We will study Seneca's life and works, focusing on the Epistulae Morales and select philosophical treatises. We will pay special attention to issues of language and style, cultural and historical context, and ideological and philosophical content. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4210 Plautus

Readings from the comedies of Plautus. Discussion of play production in Republican Rome, reception, and interpretation. The advanced level Latin reading load will be supplemented by secondary readings, quizzes, and short reports. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4220 Lucretius

In this course, we will read selections from Lucretius' epic-didactic poem ON THE NATURE OF THINGS. The poem explains the basic tenets of Epicurean philosophy with a focus on the physical structure of the universe, the nature of the soul, and why we shouldn't fear death. There are many things in Lucretius that feel scientific in a modern sense, such as atomism and the absence of the gods. In fact, he has been accused of inspiring the Scientific Enlightenment, a charge we will acquit him of in this class. Special attention will be given to how Lucretius uses myth and poetry, the influence of earlier Roman epic poets such as Ennius, and his relationship with earlier Greek sources. No prior knowledge of Epicureanism or any philosophy is necessary; Lucretius will be happy to explain everything to you. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4310 Vergil: The Aeneid

We will read books 2 and 3 of the Aeneid, in which Aeneas relates the fall of Troy and the strange series of events that leads him to Carthage and Dido. In addition to close analysis of Vergil's poetic practice in the context of the poem as a whole, we will consider ways in which he engages his epic forebear Homer.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4320 Horace

This course examines Roman poetry that illuminates ancient and still-influential ideas about the functions of literature. Horace's monumental Ars Poetica and his other literary-critical works will be the major texts. These works convey the complexity of contemporary debates about literature's role in society and history and about the merits of various genres (epic, tragedy, comedy, satire, epigram). Readings in secondary sources will help to fill out the picture of Horace's career and of the climate of literary production in early Imperial Rome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 4330 Ovid

In this course, we will read selections from the monumental and multifaceted Metamorphoses of Ovid, which was composed before the poet's exile from Rome in 8 CE. Supplementary readings from Ovid's elegiac verse will give us a fuller picture of the poet's career and cultural context. Substantial daily Latin readings will be supplemented with practice of scansion, additional readings from related ancient works, and readings from modern scholarship on the poem. There will be regular translation quizzes, a final exam, student presentations, and a final research and writing project. Prerequisites: Latin 3171, Latin 3181 (or equivalent, and sophomore standing or above.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4410 Roman Satire

This course focuses on the genre of hexameter satire represented by the Roman poets Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal (2nd century BCE - 2nd century CE). The Roman professor Quintilian called satire entirely Roman (tota nostra), and our readings will allow us to explore the meaning of this claim for satire's authors and readers. We will read a large sampling of satiric verse in the original Latin, practice reading the dactylic hexameter, and observe and discuss differences between the poets' styles and themes. We'll also read and discuss scholarship on the genre's formal characteristics and influences, its origins in Republican literary culture, and its development in the Imperial period.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4440 Latin Prose Composition

Readings in select authors coupled with Latin composition, primarily in prose but occasionally in verse, with attention to grammatical and idiomatic accuracy as well as elegance of style.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4510 The Roman Historians

The Roman Historians.  A survey of the major historians of the late republic and early empire, Sallust, Livy and Tacitus.  Emphasis will be on their methodology and purpose in writing history.  We will also look at the research activity of the antiquarians like Varro and Gellius.  If time permits, we will try to read some of Ammianus Marcellinus.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4650 Silver Latin Epic: Lucan

Lucan's epic poem about the civil war between Caesar and Pompey, written under Nero, investigates themes of individuality, citizenship, morality, and historical inevitability in Roman history. We will read selections from the poem, focusing on Lucan's literary models and poetic style; his treatment of the past and of historical figures like Caesar, Pompey, and Cato; and Lucan's place in the political, philosophical, and literary world of Neronian Rome. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4710 Elegiac Poetry

In this course we will read a broad selection of the works of the Roman elegiac poets, focusing primarily on the works of Propertius, Tibullus, and Ovid. This course will emphasize the development of Roman elegy as a genre during the Augustan period, and will consider a range of literary topics related to elegy, including poetic voice and persona, fictionality, style, meter, intertextuality, and generic tropes, as well as the political, social, and cultural context(s) for these poems. Coursework will include translation and analysis of Latin texts, written assignments, and readings from scholarly literature on Roman elegy. Prerequisites: L10 3171 & 3181 or the equivalent.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 4830 Readings in Latin Prose: Apuleius

A survey of the major genres of Latin prose, history, oratory, and philosophy. Authors may include Caesar, Cicero, Seneca, Tacitus. Aim is to develop reading facility and understanding.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4840 Topics in Latin Literature

This course involves the study of selected problems, eras, or generic sequences; the specific topic for each semester can be found in the Course Listings. The course may be repeated for credit for the study of different topics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 4850 Topics in Republican Latin

May be repeated for credit for study of different topics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring, Summer

LATIN 4860 Tacitus

Tacitus, the great historian and orator of the late 1st and early 2nd centuries CE, is one of our best sources for the early history of the Roman Empire. With his concise style and scathing political insight, Tacitus' writings influenced later authors from Ammianus Marcellinus to Macchiavelli. We will read selections from Tacitus' historical works, paying particular attention to: prose style; genre, rhetoric, and historiography; and Tacitus' critique of the Principate. PREREQUISITES: LATIN 3171 and LATIN 3181 (OR EQUIVALENT) AND SOPHOMORE STANDING OR ABOVE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4870 Topics in Empire Latin

May be repeated for credit for study of different topics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 4880 Martial

Martial, the prolific first-century Latin poet, left behind fifteen books of poetry. Martial's epigrams can be witty, sincere, caustic, and often quite sexually explicit. In this course, we will read a selection of Martial's epigrams in Latin, and we will discuss various themes related to Martial's work, such as gender and sexuality, ancient conceptions of authorship and publishing, flattery, invective, and the many personae Martial adopts. We will also pay close attention to Martial's language and style, and we will discuss where Martial fits into the wider social and historical context.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4900 Independent Study

This course is for independent research credit.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

LATIN 4970 Honors Course I

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. PREREQUISITE: OVERALL GPA OF 3.65.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

LATIN 4980 Honors Course II

Students interested in pursuing honors should consult the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Classics. PREREQUISITE: OVERALL GPA OF 3.65.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

LATIN 4996 Latin Elective: 4000-Level

This course is for transcribing 4000-level LATIN elective units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer