HISTORY 1000 Introduction to History

Who was Abraham Lincoln, and what accounts for the persistence of that question? For generations after his death, Lincoln's life has undergone dramatic reinterpretations. Countless interventions have added untidy layers of context, myth, and ideology to our understanding of Lincoln-seemingly to the extent that America's most iconic man seems more icon than man. This course foregrounds the challenge of historicizing Lincoln as a way into the discipline of history. Through active engagement with primary and secondary sources, students will learn how to read historical evidence critically. Students will cultivate a historical imagination, allowing them to make original and persuasive arguments. This course counts toward the History major and fulfills a Humanities (HUM) distribution requirement. THIS COURSE IS FOR FSAP STUDENTS ONLY.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1010 Western Civilization

This course is a history of Western civilization from 3500 BC to AD 1600. Western civilization may be characterized as one long debate on the holy. In no other civilization did this debate about the limits of the sacred and the profane -- this constant effort at trying to grasp the divine through word and deed -- last continuously for more than 5000 years. To argue over the holy is to argue over the very nature of how to live a life, from the most mundane daily activity to the most sublime act of the imagination. It is to argue over how politics, economics, art, philosophy, literature, and religion are realized in a society. Apart from many types of polytheism, we study the three great world monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. We study the ancient cultures of northern Africa and the eastern Mediterranean, the empires of Alexander the Great and imperial Rome, the Christianization of the Roman Empire and the rise of Islam, the early medieval world in the North Sea and the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople, the formation of Latin Christendom and the papal monarchy, the Crusades and the reaction of the Islamic lands, concepts of individuality, the persecution of Jews and heretics, chivalry and peasant servitude, the Mongol Empire, the Black Death and the devastation of the 14th century, the Renaissance in Italy and the Protestant reformation, the hunt for witches and the scientific revolution, and the medieval origins of the African diaspora and the European conquest of the Americas. What defined being human -- and so a man, a woman, or a child -- over five millennia? Fundamental questions of this course include the following: What is Western civilization? When do the characteristics defined as Western come together as a coherent phenomenon? What, then, is historical truth? This course (through lectures, reading primary sources, discussion sections, and essay writing) gives the student a learned background in almost 5000 years of history. This is an introductory course for the history major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1011 Western Civilization

This course provides an introduction to the history of modern Europe. It begins by following Europeans from the upheavals of the Enlightenment to the French Revolution, and from the industrial revolution to the era of nation-state building; continues by exploring how Europeans became embroiled in the scramble for empire, the era of totalitarianism, and two disastrous world wars; and ends by examining how Europeans coped with the divisions of the Cold War, the collapse of communism, and the challenges of unification and resurgent nationalism. Introductory course to the major and minor.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1012 Western Civilization

This course provides an introduction to the history of modern Europe. It begins by following Europeans from the upheavals of the Enlightenment to the French Revolution, and from the industrial revolution to the era of nation-state building; continues by exploring how Europeans became embroiled in the scramble for empire, the era of totalitarianism, and two disastrous world wars; and ends by examining how Europeans coped with the divisions of the Cold War, the collapse of communism, and the challenges of unification and resurgent nationalism. Introductory course to the major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1020 Introduction to Modern European History

The history of Europe since 1500 is a remarkable array of contradictions: freedom and fascism; democracy and imperialism; industrialization and Romanticism; international capitalism and fervent nationalism; social change and scientific racism. What produced these developments in European social, economic, and political spheres and how did these different currents diverge and converge? How did European developments affect global actors and vice versa? What are the consequences for our own time of these contradictory aspects of Europe's modernization? Class assignments include textbook and primary source reading (c. 75 pages/week), discussion participation, 2 short analytical papers, 3 in-class exams, and a final cumulative take-home essay. This course satisfies the Introductory Survey requirement for the history major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1023 An Ancient Murder Mystery: The Death of Jesus From the Gospels to Mel Gibson

When Mel Gibson's movie The Passion of the Christ was released in 2004, it provoked a tremendous amount of public debate and divided Christians (Catholics and Protestants of all sorts) and Jews (Orthodox, Conservative, Liberal and Reform) in every possible combination. Although the virulence of the discussions may have given us the impression that this was a new issue, in reality the question of the Jews' role and involvement in Jesus' death has been disputed for almost two thousand years. The claim that the Jews are responsible for Christ's death is the subject of this class and we will study its history from the gospels to today using textual sources (historical, religious and literary works) and the visual arts (paintings and movies). But this class is not about who did or did not kill Jesus, nor is it about judging people's positions on the issue. Rather it is about the power of a story to travel through time and space, to being told and retold in different versions and with different purposes, and to affect the real lives of men and women. First-Year Seminar; Course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1030 History of the United States Since 1865

This class examines American political, social, and cultural history from 1865 to the present. Topics to be covered include immigration, industrialization, urbanization and suburbanization, the changing role of women, the Great Depression and New Deal, the two World Wars and the Cold War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the rise of political polarization. This course provides an opportunity for students to conduct their own research into historical topics and to hone their writing and analytical skills.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1050 Economic History and Entrepreneurialism in Modern Western Civilization

This introductory course surveys Western Civilization (predominantly European history, but with a component of American history) from the seventeenth century to the present, focusing on economic history and the rise of entrepreneurialism.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1099 First-Year Seminar: Silk Roads and Empires

Did the Silk Road even exist? Coined by a German geographer in the late 19th century, the term Silk Road has long been a metaphor for global connectivity. Evoking the image of camels and traders, diplomats and warriors, and missionaries and artists roaming across Eurasia from Chinese cities to Mediterranean shores, the so-called Silk Road has captivated the imagination of historians, novelists, and film makers for decades. This course investigates the fact and fiction of the Silk Road. Over the course of the semester, we will encounter people, texts, and objects that weaved a world wide web before the age of the internet. We will examine Buddhist monks, Muslim scholars, and Mongol rulers who connected disparate regions of the globe before the age of globalization, and we will discuss whether the concept and history of the Silk Road may offer anything novel for us in the 21st century. This course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1100 First-Year Seminar: England in the Age of Shakespeare

This course will examine certain themes central to our understanding of Shakespeare's England, such as monarchy, order, power and the limits on action, national identity, gender and family. Students will read and discuss modern historical scholarship, a range of contemporary sources, and Shakespeare's plays, and the relationship between them.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1101 First-Year Seminar in African History

Gender is a powerful lens through which to examine Africa's past. Defined as the behaviors, attitudes and roles that society assigns the sexes, gender is one of the principles that has shaped African societies from the earliest times to the present. This course provides a broad introduction to major themes and debates relating to gender in African history. We will examine how gender has been produced, reproduced and transformed in the lives of African women and men from the latter parts of the 19th century to the 20th century. We will highlight African agency and structures of power as we seek to examine gender as a social and historical construct in Africa. We will also analyze how gender intersects with race, sexuality and politics. Beginning with some of the methodological questions about gender in African history, our case studies -- drawn from a range of sources including articles, book chapters, novels and films -- will cover topics such as domesticity and the colonial encounter, wicked women and the reconfiguration of gender relations, nationalism and the women's question in African history, and sexuality and the state.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1106 First-Year Seminar: Race, Ethnicity, & Nation in Latin America and the Caribbean

This course examines the historical formation of racial and ethnic discourses, identities, and communities in Latin America and the Caribbean from the colonial period to the present. The course focuses on how race relations have shaped Latin American and Caribbean society over time, as well as how race and racial identities have been central to the construction of Latin American national identities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics to be covered include: slavery and blackness; creole and creolization; new categories of people such as Indians, mestizos, and mulatos; nation-building and racial discourse, including racial democracy, cosmic race, racelessness, gender and honor, and mestizaje; immigration to Latin America; and U.S. and Latin American race relations in comparative perspective.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1109 First-Year Seminar: The Politics of Health in the Modern Middle East

Middle Eastern history has often been studied in terms of political and military conflicts while other aspects of society are marginalized. This course will look at how public health, medical knowledge, and particular gender norms were implicated in creating and maintaining modern states and communities in the 20th century. The course will cover topics such as: muscular Judaism and Zionism; fertility and modernity; gender roles and militarism; psychiatry and religion; the state's role in preserving health; and pluralism in the provision of health services.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1117 First-Year Seminar: The City in Early Modern Europe

From the city-states of Renaissance Italy to the eighteenth-century boomtowns of London and Paris, cities functioned as political, economic, and cultural centers, creating unique opportunities and challenges for their diverse inhabitants. Using a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, this course will examine how men and women, rich and poor, established citizens and marginal groups, tried to understand and manage life in the city. Their conflicting experiences and expectations created not only social and economic unrest, but also a resilient social infrastructure, a tradition of popular participation in politics, and a rich legacy of cultural accomplishment. Topics studied include: urban political and economic organization; the creation and use of public spaces; religion as a source of community and conflict; and urban crime and public punishment.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1120 First-Year Seminar: Race and Ethnicity in Latin America: Myths, Realities and Identities

What does it mean to identify as mestizo, moreno, or mulato? How have Latin American nations dealt with their mixed racial populations and their rich African and indigenous heritages? What does it mean to be black in nations where the official discourse is one of racial hybridity or color blindness? This course examines the history of racial thinking and the experience of race in Latin America. While the focus of the course will be on the complexities of race in Latin America, a place of enormous ethnic and cultural diversity, we will also draw comparisons to the history of race in the U.S.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1124 First-Year Seminar: The Meaning of Pakistan: History, Culture, Art

Pakistan is the second largest Muslim nation and the sixth most populous country in the world. First imagined as an anti-majoritarian and anti-imperial idea, the nation came to be split between East and West Pakistan, with a hostile Indian nation dividing the country. The subsequent emergence of Bangladesh, from within, exposed the complexities of US imperial and Indian power, colonialism, identity, ethnicity, race, nationalism and repression. More recently, the War on Terror has once again exploited the ethnic and cultural conflicts produced by world histories of power and resistance. The events of the past two hundred years have undoubtedly and violently exacerbated the politicization of social and cultural identities. This course situates Pakistan in the context of pre-colonial social formations, British colonialism, internal colonialism, US imperialism, the Cold War, Soviet interests, Indian regional hegemony and then turns to the powerful and diverse struggles launched by its own citizens against these external forces. How did successive empires construct and politicize social identities, and how did people contest and adapt these? How did caste, gender, race and religion shape empire and anti-imperial histories? Our sources will be historical, ethnographic, and literary. We will cover topics such as colonial fantasies, decolonization, the political uses of social categories of tribe, caste, language and gender, the political economy of militarism, terrorism, 'development', activism, diasporic formations, poetry, music and art. The course will deepen our collective understanding of a critical series of developments in world history. Just as crucially, we will build a framework within which to address the stereotypes about Pakistan that dominate popular and media discourses today.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1127 First-Year Seminar: The Caribbean and the World

For many, the Caribbean evokes images of an exotic place with beautiful beaches, friendly, happy natives and unbridled hedonism. Yet, much more than a distant vacation destination for first world consumption, the Caribbean has long been closely intertwined with major events in World History. This course explores the ways in which the Caribbean has been a part of the making of World History, beginning in the 14th century and ending in the contemporary period. Themes covered will include: capitalism and slavery; the Haitian Revolution and its global reverberations; U.S. imperialism in the Caribbean; the impact of Caribbean migration on British culture; Caribbean sports; music and food in a global context; and the contributions of Caribbean thinkers to anti-colonial and anti-imperialist thought and action.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1128 First-Year Seminar: Immigration and American Identity

This small-group discussion course will look at how Americans have debated questions about the fitness of immigrants for freedom and citizenship, and how those debates in turn have shaped immigrant experiences and American identity. The course will connect immigrant experiences to broader trends in U.S. history. Students will explore processes of memory-formation and the construction of national narratives that still shape our understandings of immigration today.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1129 First-Year Seminar: The Nuremberg Trials and International Justice

This course is an exercise in understanding how professional historians and the general public discover and use the past. The main goals of this course are to understand the many different methods and standards applied to the past; to understand how and why each generation changes the past as it seeks to make it usable; and to develop the skills of exposition and argumentation necessary to describe and analyze complex historical issues and to express critical ideas effectively. The subject of this inquiry will be the Nuremberg trials - the innovations and critiques around the law and politics of the trials themselves, as well as the trials' legacies for ideas about international justice in postwar America and the world. Course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1131 First-Year Seminar: Conquest Cultures: Colonialism, Violence, and Memory in Latin America

What was the Spanish Conquest? How have projects of colonization, acculturation, and religious conversion been pursued in Latin America since? Beginning with the military campaigns of Spanish conquistadores in the sixteenth century and ending with literary reinterpretations of the Spanish Conquest by Latin American writers, we explore the perpetuation of violence in the service of empire, Christianity, and nation-state formation through primary documents, films, art, literature, and scholarly work. The goal is to go beyond Columbus, Cortés, Pizarro, and other famous explorers to understand the range of actors who have played a role as interpreters, military allies, and chroniclers, with special emphasis on women and people of native American and African descent. This seminar is intended as a critical introduction to some of the major problems in Latin American history for students with limited prior knowledge of the region.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1132 First-Year Seminar: From the City On a Hill to 9/11: Religion and Social Justice in America

From the Puritans' search to build the city on a hill, to the growing conflation of Islam with terrorism, Americans have long nurtured a self-identity as God's chosen people, an idea that has helped them justify and normalize a theology of both conquest and suffering. This course will analyze how religion served to both buttress and contest notions of social domination, punishment, reform, and revolution in the U.S. from the colonial era to the present. Topics will include the American Jeremiad, abolitionism, slave rebellions, Native American Catholicism, Fundamentalism, the Catholic Worker Movement, Pacifism, the Black Freedom Struggle, the Moral Majority, and Post-9/11 military and gender interventions with the Islamic world.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1133 First-Year Seminar: Renaissance Florence From Dante to Machiavelli

The city of Florence has long held an important place in the history of the western world. Hailed as the birthplace of the Renaissance and of the modern state, Florence exerts a seemingly natural appeal as an object of study. But why did these things happen in Florence and why at this particular time? This course will explore these issues as well as others through the close reading of a wide range of texts produced by Florentines who left enduring marks on the history of Europe and the world. Course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1134 First-Year Seminar: Pirates, Explorers and the Frontiers of Empire

Shrouded in myth and legend, piracy and exploration are often misunderstood and romanticized. This course places pirates and conquistadores, explorers and colonists, willing participants and victims within their proper social context and, in doing so, introduces students to early modern imperial and Atlantic history. Topics will include: patterns and transpositions of conquest; slavery and the colonial economy; colonial frontiers; scientific exploration; piracy and empire; gender and social control.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1135 First-Year Seminar: States of Nature: The Natural Order of Society in Western Thought

This small-group discussion course gives full attention to the major moments and movements of modern European history, 1650 to the present. We will also examine some fundamental texts in the Western traditions, from the Enlightenment to Romanticism; from Marxism to Darwinism and feminism; to the diverse thought of the twentieth century. Its organizing idea is that an evolving notion of nature and the natural order has impacted Europe's definition of the state, and shaped its image of a just society. This course fulfills one of the Introductory course requirements for the major in History, however, students CANNOT get credit for both this course and History 102C.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1137 Sophomore Seminar: From the Suez Canal to Hoover Dam: Infrastructure & Empire in World History

Do bridges, dams, or clocks have a history? How can we read the histories of mobility and segregation from the built environment? In this seminar we will explore the co-mingled history of infrastructure and empire in their political, economic, cultural, and scientific dimensions from the 1860s through the early 1940s. We will situate projects such as the Suez Canal, standardization of international time, the Boulder/Hoover Dam project within meta- and counter-narratives of imperial and colonial activities around the world, ending with the Manhattan Project in St. Louis.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1140 Topics in National Security History

This purpose of this course is to introduce first year students in an intimate setting to major topics in national security policy. For that reason, enrollments will be kept small. The goal is to provide insights for students considering a major in history and perhaps even a career in policy. The course structure will rotate topics (intelligence, war, world orders, etc.) each time it is taught.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1145 Freedom, Citizenship and the Making of American Life

This course offers a broad survey of American history from the era before European settlement of North America to the late twentieth century. The course explores the emergence and geographic expansion of the United States and addresses changes in what it meant to be an American during the nation's history. Tracing major changes in the nation's economic structures, politics, social order and culture, the course chronicles, among other issues, changes in the meanings of freedom, citizenship, and American identity. Introductory course to the major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: CPSC, HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1146 Introduction to World History: The Second World War in World History

This course introduction to World History uses World War II as a lens to examine the methodologies, approaches and sources historians employ to understand and analyze historical periods. The class will explore the global connections and interactions which characterize World History. The emphasis of this course will be on digging into topics traditionally neglected: the impact of the war on race, gender, family and children; daily life; and daily ethical decision making.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1147 First-Year Seminar: African Experiences in the Second World War

Most conventional histories of the Second World War pay scant attention to Africa, thereby creating the misconception that the war had little impact on the peoples of the African continent. This introductory seminar restores the experiences of ordinary African women and men to the larger historical narratives of both Africa and World War II. Combining personal memoirs with official primary sources reveals not only how the global conflict influenced African history but also how Africans helped shape the final outcome and consequences of the war. This course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 1151 Health and Disease in World History

Health and disease are universal human experiences, yet vary profoundly across time and place. Extending from ancient times to the present, this course surveys that variety from a global perspective. We will explore medical traditions from around the world, then examine how these responded to major epidemic diseases such as the Black Death. We will study the globalization of disease and the emergence of scientific medicine after 1450, then turn to the interrelated histories of health and disease in the modern era. Throughout, we will attend carefully to how the biological aspects of health and disease have shaped world history, while at the same time exploring the powerful mediating role of social, cultural, economic, and political factors--from religious beliefs and dietary practices to inequality, poverty, empire, and war--in determining the myriad ways in which health and disease have been experienced and understood. Introductory course to the major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 1160 History and Controversy: A Survey of American History

Many contemporary controversies-- from national debt to gay marriage to worker's rights-- are grounded understandings and misunderstandings of history. This survey of American history, from European settlement to the present, investigates historical controversies that shaped American conceptions of liberty, equality, and community identity. Students will also explore how these issues evolved in their political, social, and economic environment through the lives of famous, infamous, and forgotten histoircal figures.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1170 Beatrice's Last Smile: A History of the Medieval World, 200-1500

The medieval world, stretching from the Mediterranean to the Americas, lasted from the third to the sixteenth centuries. This course is a sweeping historical narrative framed around holiness. By vividly interweaving stories about men, women, children, gods, angels and demons, it is possible to evoke the reality of holiness in ideas, spaces, buildings, smells, rivers, religion, art, noises, trees, blood, shoes, etc., from one century to another. Students will study the Late Roman Empire, Christianization, paganism, the barbarian invasions, the rise of Islam, the Carolingians, Vikings, Anglo-Saxons, and the Crusades, just to name a few. Students will read poets, philosophers, historians and novelists, which are often the only surviving fragments of wills or testimonies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1190 Introduction to the History of Modern Medicine

The medical revolution is the last of the three greatest events in human history, alongside the agricultural and industrial revolutions. While all three have resulted in population increases, modern medicine has been the most responsible for the exponential growth of human society. This course will introduce students to the history of Western medicine from the Hippocratic Oath to the Human Genome Project, with special emphasis on the major problems in American medicine. Among the concepts students will explore are: the responsibility of medical practioners; the understanding of healing and suffering; surgery and the role of anesthesia; the study of human anatomy; improved diagnostic techniques; cells and microbiology; public health and the role of the state.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1200 Economic History and the Development of Modern Europe

This introductory course surveys economic history's role in the development of Europe from the seventeenth century to the present. Topics will include: the Financial Revolution; the rise of capitalism; the Industrial Revolution; Marxism; Imperialism; and the establishment of the European Union.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 1210 Topics in American History

A survey of major themes that reflect general trends in American history. A lecture and discussion course using both primary and secondary sources to introduce students to significant issues and methods in American history. Open only to first year students. Enrollment is limited to 15 students per section. See Course Listings for current topics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1501 First-Year Seminar: The Presidency 101: From Washington to Trump

Is this your first presidential election, or are you a policy wonk? Regardless of your political experience, this course provides an opportunity for students to learn about the American presidency as a contemporary political institution with deep roots in American history. This first-year seminar introduces undergraduates to the presidency by considering the institution in its political and cultural contexts. Using the 2020 election as a point of departure, this course will explore how the current president as well as the aspiring candidates reveal broader trends and new developments in American political history. In addition to introducing students to the study of the presidency, this course will also introduce students to diverse means of studying culture, with assignments that range from political speeches to policy documents to popular media.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC BU: BA

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 1540 First-Year Seminar: Saints and Society

The topic of this course is saints and society in medieval and early modern Europe. It will explore the complex relationships between exceptional holy men and women, the historical settings in which they lived, and the religious and cultural traditions on which they drew. It will consider saints as both embodiments of the highest ideals of their societies and radical challenges to ordinary patterns of social existence.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1551 Temple & Palace in World History: Approaches to Religion and Politics in the Middle East

This course aims to examine the ways in which temple and palace cooperated with and competed against each other in the Middle East from ancient to the present times. As sites of spiritual and political power, temples and palaces have played a major role in human history. They have been a source of cooperation and conflict by inspiring and regulating the spiritual and social lives of people, including how they enacted laws, developed cultures, established institutions, and interacted with each other as individuals, families, and societies. The course will trace how their interactions produced various models of authority, law and social association and how they collectively and separately rationalized social hierarchy and diversity in human societies. Introductory course to the major and minor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 1995 History Coursework Completed Abroad

This course is for 1000 level study abroad credits.

Credit 12 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 1996 History Elective: 100-Level

This course is for 1000 level transfer credit.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

HISTORY 2053 Historical Fiction & Fictional Histories

The relationship between history and fiction has always been contentious and sometimes turbulent, not least because the two genres have traditionally been seen as mutually exclusive. However, new hybrid forms of writing-from historical fiction, to docudramas, to fictionalized biographies-have led to the blurring of the boundary and encouraged the claim that history itself is just another form of fiction. At the same time, historical novelists have placed increasing emphasis on the authenticity, sometimes even the accuracy, of their narratives and characterizations. And further still, contemporary writers are challenging dominant historical narratives by creating plausible fictions from the perspectives of the subordinated, the marginalized and the disenfranchised: plebeians, women, and indigenous, enslaved, and diasporic peoples. As historical novels become ever more popular, the distinction between history and fiction appears to be collapsing before our eyes. Through reading and discussing some outstanding examples of the genre of historical fiction published between the early nineteenth and the early twenty-first century (from Walter Scott to Charles Dickens, from Toni Morrison to Amitav Ghosh, from Graham Swift to Hilary Mantel), this course will investigate whether history is 'factual' or just another form of fiction; whether the appeal of historical fiction should lie in its authenticity; whether the recent success of historical novels should be viewed as a new development, or rather, as a revival of an older literary tradition; and whether novelists and dramatists are more adept than historians at interrogating issues of memory, identity, and change.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 2101 Topics in History:

This course is a sophomore seminar in history; topics vary per semester. Prerequisite: sophomore standing.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 2102 Topics in History

This course is a sophomore seminar in history; topics vary per semester. Prerequisite: sophomore standing.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 2105 Sophomore Seminar: Mobilizing Shame: Violence, the Media, and International Intervention

Deciding when and when not to intervene in the affairs of a foreign and autonomous state has become a hot-button issue in light of the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, and of the more recent lending of support to Syrian rebels. In this course, students will examine the emergence of the international community, the development of human rights, the rise of the war correspondent as a mythical figure, the creation of supranational political and military institutions, the influence of the media on public sympathies, and the changing nature of global politics. Case studies may include: the Greek War of Independence, the Crimean War, the break-up of the Ottoman Empire, the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War, the Vietnam War, Apartheid in South Africa, the Rwandan genocide, the Somali Civil War, and the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2117 First-Year Seminar: Angels, Prostitutes and Chicas Modernas: Women in Latin American History

Women have been active players in the construction of Latin American nations. In the last two decades, leading scholars in the field have taken up the challenge of documenting women's participation. This research explosion has produced fruitful results to allow for the development of specialized courses. This course looks at the nation building process through the lens of Latin American women. Students will examine the expectations, responsibilities and limitations women confronted in their varied roles from the Wars of Independence to the social revolutions and dictatorial regimes of the twentieth century. Besides looking at their political and economic lives, students will explore the changing gender roles and relations within marriage and the family, as well as the changing sexual and maternal mores.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2120 America From the Civil War

This is a course in modern American history. We begin with Reconstruction after the Civil War, with the transition of the United States from an agricultural nation to an urban industrial one. We will investigate changes in technology, urban growth, and immigration, and new ideas of government and nationalism as the United States achieves its position as a world leader through World War I and II, the Cold War, and the global world of the twenty-first century.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 2124 Sophomore Seminar: Slavery and Memory in American Popular Culture

Sophomores receive priority registration. The history of slavery has long created a sense of unease within the consciousness of many Americans. Recognizing this continued reality, this seminar examines how slavery is both remembered and silenced within contemporary popular culture. Although slavery scholarship continues to expand, how do everyday Americans gain access to the history of bondage? Taking an interdisciplinary approach to these intriguing queries, we will examine a range of sources: literature, public history, art/poetry, visual culture, movies and documentaries, as well as contemporary music including reggae and hip hop. The centerpiece of this course covers North American society, however, in order to offer a critical point of contrast students will be challenged to explore the varied ways slavery is commemorated in others parts of the African Diaspora.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2127 First-Year Seminar: Empire At Play: Gaming, Gambling, & Material Culture in Late Imperial China

This course offers a new perspective on what people played, how they played, and why. A series of historical changes in late imperial China, including domestication, consumerism, gender divisions, sexual fetishes, war and finances, westernization, and diasporas, have shaped the activities that people enjoyed. This course will examine game play and material culture as a lens to examine Ming-Qing history and people, especially the people's anxiety, excitement, taboos, desires, and daily life that was shaped by the broader social environment.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2158 First Year Seminar: Outcasts and Outlaws: The History of Othering in Modern Europe

Villainous figures such as pirates, bandits, rebels, and terrorists have easily jumped from the historical record into the broader cultural imaginary. But what, beyond their disdain for the law, do they have in common, and why do they keep resurfacing in accounts of contemporary politics? This course will survey several outsider archetypes across 19th- and 20th-century Europe and its empires. We will ask: what does it mean to be outside of the community, and which mechanisms and spaces have historically produced and maintained this exclusion? With particular attention to the history of European imperialism, this course will analyze how images of outcasts and outlaws have been shaped by perceptions of gender, race, and class, and how they have produced distinct forms of management and policing. The class will also highlight the central role that mobility has played for this type of othering. Putting archetypes from the European underworld into conversation with one another and investigating their reconfigurations across time, we will systematically work out what function they perform for past and present society and what, if any, forms of resistance they afford.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2162 First Year Seminar: Global Histories of Science and Knowledge

What makes a scientist a scientist? What is science? What are the social and cultural processes that have rendered science its meaning? This first-year seminar is an introduction to the global histories of science and knowledge, focusing especially on modern science's dynamic relationship with colonial rule, decolonization, indigenous or local knowledge traditions, and Cold War
scientific internationalism. The course examines a wide range of historical, sociological, and anthropological materials and methods in order to trace the everyday workings of different scientific disciplines within a "living laboratory," which are a series of spaces and sites that produce knowledge. These also happen to be spaces that are conventionally not viewed as normative scientific spaces, but spaces where cross-cultural contact produced knowledge (i.e., early modern philosophical, brokered and subaltern, cartographic, mechanical, astral, environmental knowledge). We will trace the uneven and "indetermined" progression of this knowledge across the Global South to understand how these ideas were made, circulated, resisted, and changed over time not just in Europe, but in Africa, East Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia. Given the interconnected nature of world history, students will also acquire tools to understand themes such as colonization, modernization, democracy, and social change critically engaged with categories of race, gender, and class.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2190 The Theory and Practice of Justice: The American Historical Experience

This introductory course uses historical case studies combined with readings in law, literature, and philosophy to illuminate key episodes where definitions of justice were contested in 19th and 20th century America. Some of the conflicts to be explored include: Cherokee Removal, Civil War era debates over southern secession; whether reparation should be offered to freed people to redress the injustices of racial slavery; the denial of voting rights to women as a case of taxation without representation; 20th century controversies over legal bans on racial intermarriage; free speech versus hate speech in the 1960s and 70s; and recent debates over affirmative action and gay marriage. Attendance Required.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Art: HUM BU: ETH, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2200 How to Sit On an Iron Throne: Reading (Early Modern) Politics and Violence Through Game of Thrones

This class will attempt to enthusiastically pillage Game of Thrones and investigate what possible storylines were supplied by the history of 15th-17th century Europe. These storylines are heavily politicized in Game of Thrones and thus offers an exceptional opportunity to investigate how early modern men and women thought about power, fought with words and gift, built loyalties, betrayed one another, killed one another, married one another, and fielded armies of soldiers and cronies. Through the characters of Jon Snow and Tyrion Lannister, students will study the historical stain of bastardy, and with the help of Cersei Lannister, Catelyn Tully and Arya Stark, the place of women in webs of power will also be examined.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2210 Who Died and Made Them Kings? People, Politics, and Power in the Atlantic World, 1500-1800

Who were the few, and who were the many, in the early-modern Atlantic World? The discovery of the Americas and the coalescing of an Atlantic World would do much to transform profoundly, the common understanding of the body politics in the early-modern world. The Americas provided new models of kingship and empire; Aztecs and Incas ruled in way which both seemed familiar and strange to Spaniards' eyes. In the Caribbean, the North, and the Amazon, nomadic and semi-nomadic nations presented even more puzzling situations, where no one seemed to rule. And yet other nations, such as the Iroquois, were experimenting with new political forms. This course is thus focused on tracking this multitude of experiences from a socio-political and anthropological perspective, rather through intellectual history.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2220 The Atlantic World, 1000-1800

Survey of the peoples, cultures and civilizations that bordered and traveled the Atlantic Ocean from Norse voyages up to the Napoleonic Wars. Examines the importance of the Atlantic as a frontier, an economic resource, a highway, and an impetus to technological innovation. Considers also the political, cultural, economic and demographic effects of increasing contact among Europeans, Americans, and Africans.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2240 African Urban History

This introductory course explores the origins and growth of African cities through the historical process of urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa. By focusing on the form and function of cities and examining their changing relations with the surrounding countryside, we will explore the fundamental urban issues and tensions which have helped to shape the history of Africa. Some of the topics to be covered include environmental issues, the creation of states, religion, cross-cultural contact, colonization, public health, gender relations and decolonization.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2290 From St. Louis to Shanghai: Cities and Citizens in Global Urban History

This course is designed to give students an introduction to key themes and scholarship in urban history. Readings and class discussions will examine how cities change over time, how urban spaces are continually built and rebuilt, and the way in which activists and government officials assert power. The course will span a large geographical and chronological scope. Special attention will be paid to St. Louis, in relation to urban spaces around the globe, especially Chinese, Brazilian and Indian cities, to reveal how an international framework forces us to rethink what we know about cities and what the concept of urban means.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2320 War, Rebellion, and the Formation of American Identity, 1754-1865

Warfare is a creative process. New states, identities, and cultural movements appear from the violence and destruction. This course will survey the United States' experiences with organized armed conflict from before the American Revolution to the end of the Indian Wars. Though the class will deal with war, its focus will not be on military tactics or the outcome of battles. Rather, the course will utilize war as a prism through which to view the ways in which Americans conceived of themselves. Students will address a number of questions: How and why did people in North America conceive of themselves as distinct from Europeans? Did war lead to more inclusive or exclusive views of who was considered American? How did people of different backgrounds view violent conflict? Why did some wars become central to American myth and others largely forgotten? Did war and rebellion promote a newly formed nationalism or did they help lead to sectionalism and the Civil War? What is the relationship of warfare to cultural products? Readings will consist of secondary materials from a range of disciplines and primary documents that include novels, speeches, newspaper articles, letters, memoirs, editorial cartoons, and paintings.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2340 Power and the Holy in Latin Christendom

This course focuses on the conflicts for legitimization between popes and emperors in late medieval Europe. We will explore the various discourses through which power was legitimated and reproduced throughout Latin Christendom. The weakening of imperial control in northern and central Italy in the eleventh century allowed for the creation of new forms of organization: city communes. As new structures of social aggregation emerged within the urban landscape of late-medieval Europe, city elites experimented with new forms of power. Religion and heresy were indissoluble elements of the new discourses deployed to claim legitimate authority. Some of the questions we will pose through our discussion of primary sources and secondary readings will impinge on the relation between political and religious discourses in shaping the world of late medieval Europe. Can we separate between the secular and the religious? Are these adequate categories for an historical analysis of the ways in which medieval people experienced their world?

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2346 The Living American Civil War

This course focuses on the Civil War and Reconstruction as the central drama of American life in the 19th century, and also, the central event of American history itself, to the present day. How do we begin to understand the significance of the killing fields of the American Civil War, its three quarters of a million dead? The bloody conflict, and its causes and consequences, are explored from multiple perspectives: those of individuals such as Lincoln, McClellan, Davis, Grant, Longstreet and Lee, Dix and Tubman, Douglas and Douglass, who made momentous choices of the era; of groups such as the African American freedpeople and the Radical Republicans, whose struggles for freedom and power helped shape the actions of individuals; and of the historians, novelists, filmmakers and social movements that have fought to define the war's legacy for modern America. How is the Civil War both long ended and, at the same time, very much alive and still contested in contemporary America? Modern, U.S. PREREQUISITE: Sophomore standing or permission of the instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2360 Urban America

The city is a crucial frame for understanding the nation's cultural, economic, social, political and ecological concerns. This course discusses its importance in shaping American society and consider urban environments as living, breathing, contracting and expanding regions in the landscape. Questions of race, class and gender will be explored in an attempt to understand the current configuration of American cities, and to allow students to engage meaningfully with the continual transformation of urban space. Attention will be paid to the role played by popular imagination in the formation of public policy, civic spatial arrangement, suburban development and urban historical geography.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2412 Sophomore Seminar: Slow Violence: An Introduction to Political Ecology

This sophomore seminar is as an introduction to the related fields of political ecology and environmental history. Students will learn how to use the tools of political economy and historical inquiry to understand how environmental change and conflict are informed by political, economic, and social dimensions. While hurricanes and forest fires serve as spectacular symbols for an ecosystem gone wrong, it is the pervasive slow violence of the unspectacular, the invisible, that seeps into the daily lives of millions across the globe. From toxic waste deposits creating cancer clusters to the long-term effects of consistent heat exposure, the environmental consequencs of human agency are played out in the deteriorating bodies of the poor and in the slow and steady contamination of the landscape.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2420 Globalization and Its Discontents

Today, the heady promises of globalization appear to have failed us. The notion of global markets and global citizens seems to have remained at best, an ideal. Meanwhile the world's majority has witnessed a staggering decline in education, nutrition, health and even physical mobility. Nowhere have these developments passed unquestioned: from the rise of the so-called Maoist insurgency in India to the Occupy movement in the US, people and especially the youth have expressed their outrage in creative and unconventional ways. This course plots the long and necessarily violent history of forging global interconnections. The lens for our analysis will be India, South Asia and their relationship with the United States. We will approach a range of novels, films and popular cultural artifacts as we build our own understanding of the nature, critique and promise of globalization.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2450 Ben Franklin's America

In this course, we will explore Ben Franklin's America, from the earliest stirrings of political and religious dissent in the first decades of the eighteenth century to the post-Revolutionary debates over the meaning of republican virtue, American character, and representative government. We will read primary sources from a variety of figures who contributed to the century-long debate over these subjects, and then we will hear from Franklin himself, as he offers his own insight into these issues, observing the changes taking place around him.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2460 Sophomore American Frontiers: Badlands and Borderlands in U.S. History, 1776-1898

This course will examine the northern, southern, and above all western regions that comprised the borders and borderlands of the United States from the American Revolution through the late nineteenth century. Exploring local cultures and politics in depth, American Frontiers will address not only the mechanisms by which the United States wrested control of the continental interior, but the immediate and longer-term social consequences of this process for the peoples living within its diffuse regions. In addition to reading scholarly literature, students will work with primary sources such as travel narratives, maps, newspapers, photographs and paintings. Further, there will be frequent explorations into recent fiction and film, encouraging students to question and critique the very imagery that Americans use to construct their visions of the frontier. Through interwoven lectures and in-class discussion, students will be exposed to Indian, Mexican, Canadian, and American voices, black and white, female and male, that will lend original perspectives to the questions of governance, labor, warfare, law, immigration, freedom, and family that consumed border residents straddling multiple worlds.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2470 Contested Histories of International Development: Theories, Case Studies, and Controversies

These are the central questions with which students will grapple as they draw from conventional historical texts, fiction, poetry, United Nations reports, films, and cartoons in Histories of International Development. As the end of World War II gave rise to the Cold War, the Third World emerged as a battle ground on which global superpowers vied for influence, often through development initiatives. Critically examining development therefore provides a lens into the major historical processes that dominated the second half of the 20th century, from decolonization to the Cold War, the expansion of capitalism in its many forms and, eventually, the War on Terror. Combining an intellectual history of development with a series of case studies from around the globe, this course examines the myriad ways policy makers, theorists, and everyday people have created, contested, and reworked the complicated meanings of international development.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2480 Undergraduate Internship in History

Students receive credit for a faculty-directed and approved internship. Registration requires completion of the Learning Agreement which the student obtains from the Career Center and which must be filled out and signed by the Career Center and the faculty sponsor prior to beginning internship work. Credit should correspond to actual time spent in work activities, e.g., 8-10 hours a week for 13 or 14 weeks to receive 3 units of credit; 1 or 2 credits for fewer hours. Students may not receive credit for work done for pay but are encouraged to obtain written evaluations about such work for the student's academic adviser and career placement file.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 2721 Ampersand: Rethinking Washu's Relation to Enslavement: Past, Present and Future

Explore Washington University's entanglement with the institution of slavery over its 168-year history. This full-year course guides students into independent research that engages the distortions, erasures, and silences of the slavery archive, especially as they pertain to Black lives in St. Louis whose stories shape the University's long and important tradition. Use textual and digital methods in an endeavor to understand this past, learn how it shapes our present, and consider how it ought to shape our institutional future. This class is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 2722 Ampersand: Rethinking Washu's Relation to Enslavement: Past, Present, and Future

The goal of our course, Ampersand L61 2722, "Rethinking Wash U's Relationship With Enslavement: Past, Present, and Future, II," (the companion course to L61 2721), is to provide the mentoring, supporting structures, learning experiences, and resources, and above all, the time and space (see "Benchmarks," below), to allow first-year students to produce an original final research paper, 15-20 pages in length, through a graduated process over the fourteen weeks of the spring term. Students will construct this paper on the foundation of the Prospectus that they have produced as the final project for L61 2721 in the previous fall term. 
This course will also feature a series of engagements with key turning points and 
conjunctures in the intertwined histories of Washington University and St. Louis city and region, focusing on the rise and development of the modern University in the long 
emancipation era which has been profoundly shaped by the afterlives of the era of 
enslavement we have been studying in the fall semester: the Emancipation moment 
("Emancipation, Freedom and the Afterlives of Enslavement"); the World's Fair of 1904 and the Construction of the Modern Washington University, Hilltop Campus; 1968-69: The Creation of Black Studies at Washington University; and Contemporary Challenges and Struggles, Washington University in the Era of Ferguson: Past, Present, and Future.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 2850 Ampersand: The Holocaust: A European Experience

Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi troops invaded, occupied and destroyed major parts of Europe. A central aim of the Nazi project was the destruction of European Jewry, the killing of people, and the annihilation of a cultural heritage. This course seeks to deal with questions that,more than seventy years after what is now known as the Holocaust, still continue to perplex. Why did Germany turn to a dictatorship of racism, war, and mass murder? Why did the Nazis see Jews as the supreme enemy, while also targeting Poles, Ukranians, Soviets, homosexuals, the Roma, and the disabled? The course introduces students to issues that are central to understanding Nazi occupation and extermination regimes. Students will look at survival strategies in Western Europe including emigration, resistance movements in Eastern European ghettos, local residents' reactions to the murder in their midst, and non-European governments' reactions. Course is for first-year, non-transfer students only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3006 Historical Methods

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to history majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3007 Historical Methods-African History

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3008 Historical Methods-Latin American History

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3009 Historical Methods-Middle Eastern History

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3016 Renaissance Europe

The Renaissance was a time of tremendous cultural change, global expansion, and political and religious conflict that gave birth to the modern world. Yet, these dynamic developments were produced by an anxious society, where limited technological capabilities and an increasingly rigid system of social and gender divisions discouraged innovation and encouraged repressive measures. This course seeks to answer the question of how these contradictory impulses shaped the European Renaissance.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3017 Humors, Pox and Plague: Medieval and Early Modern Medicine

This course examines how people thought about, experienced, and managed disease in the medieval and early modern periods. Students will consider developments in learned medicine alongside the activities of a diverse range of practitioners-e.g. surgeons, empirics, quacks, midwives, saints, and local healers-involved in the business of curing a wide range of ailments. Significant attention will be paid to the experiences of patients and the social and cultural significance of disease. Major topics include: the rise and fall of humoral medicine; religious explanations of illness; diseases such as leprosy, syphilis, and plague; the rise of anatomy; herbs and pharmaceuticals; the experience of childbirth; and the emergence of identifiably modern institutions such as hospitals, the medical profession, and public health. The focus will be on Western Europe but we'll also consider developments in the Islamic world and the Americas.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3018 Hot Peace: U.S.-Russia Relations Since the Cold War

This course is an historical analysis of U.S.-Russia relations since the end of the Cold War. Focusing on reset diplomacy during the terms of five American and three Russian presidents since 1990, it reveals a familiar historical pattern that begins with high hopes, dialogue, and optimism only to be followed by vast disappointment, standoffs, and pessimism. Despite this dynamic, the course shows how and why the two countries have been able to cooperate at times to make substantial headway on critical issues such as arms control, nonproliferation of WMD, NATO expansion, counterterrorism, and economic and energy development, whereas at other times they have run afoul of major obstacles such as further NATO expansion, missile defense, and democracy and human rights in Russia. The course also examines how many political events created substantial challenges to U.S.-Russia relations, including the Balkan Wars; U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; Russia's wars in Chechnya, Georgia and Ukraine/Crimea; the Color Revolutions; the Arab Spring and subsequent civil wars in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Libya; the fight against ISIS and other militant Islamists; the threats posed by Iran and North Korea; the rise of China; espionage crises; hybrid wars; cyberattacks; and disinformation campaigns. Two vital questions frame the analysis: (1) Why has it been so difficult for these two great powers to develop a mutually beneficial relationship? (2) What would be required to move beyond the limited partnership to something more productive and sustaining? The course concludes by evaluating reset diplomacy and the ongoing attempts to move U.S.-Russia relations beyond a Hot Peace.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3019 Life and Death On the High Seas

The sea is one harsh mistress. For centuries, men - and women - have crisscrossed the oceans on frail bits of wood, rope, and canvas, sometimes in hopes of adventure, a better life, pillage; sometimes, in anger and despair that came with harsh labor, or enslavement. In this class, we will retrace their voyages, their steps, their stories - from ports to ships, from the seas to the coast. We will encounter women of power and influence on the coast of Senegal; merchants and marauders in the Caribbean, cross-dressing sailors and tyrannical captains in the North Atlantic; scientists and botanists in the Pacific. We will follow rebellions and mutinies of sailors and enslaved people. This class therefore looks at urban history, the history of labor, of slavery, of gender, and of power. Pre-modern, Transregional

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3027 Topics in the History of Medicine: History of Madness

Mental health -- its diagnosis, social implications, and experience -- is a central and increasingly visible part of the practice of medicine. This course explores madness. How have different societies explained and responded to states of mind, behavior, and emotion judged to be unreasonable? What role has medicine played in framing understandings about mental disorders and their management? During this course we will engage these questions, charting the shifting experience of mental illness roughly from the Middle Ages to the present. Themes covered include: religious models of madness; humoral medicine and disorders such as melancholy; the pre-modern madhouse and the emergence of the modern asylum; the history of psychiatry; the insanity defense in the courtroom; patient autobiography; gender, race, and mental health.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: ETH, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3028 An Inconvenient Truth: The Human History of Climate Change

While climate change has become a hot-button issue in recent decades, it is by new means a new concern. Advisors to the king of France were warning against deforestation in the eighteenth century and nineteenth century. Scientific experiments revealed the arrival of acid rain in the industrial centers of Great Britain. This course will examine the longer history of climate change and how it has been addressed as a scientific, political and environmental issue. Students will be introduced to the field of environmental history and explore how the methods of this field of inquiry challenge traditional historical categories.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3029 Cracks in the Republic: Discontent, Dissent, and Protest in America, 1950-1975

This course examines the rise and impact of several major political, social and cultural protest movements in the United States during the middle part of the 20th century. It focuses on the Beats, Civil Rights, New Left, Anti-Vietnam War, Counter-Culture, Black Nationalism, Ethnic Consciousness, Women's Liberation and Gay/Lesbian Liberation, and contextualizes these movements within major national and international developments including Jim Crow and de facto segregation, middle-class ennui, and the Cold War. We will pay special attention to the role of youth activism and the methods of dissent and protest used to challenge the status quo.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3030 The Global War On Terrorism

This course presents an historical assessment of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) from the perspective of its major participants: militant Sunni Islamist jihadists, especially the Al-Qaeda network, and the nation states that oppose them, particularly the United States and its allies. The course then concludes by analyzing the current state and future of Islamist jihad and the GWOT.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3034 Jews in French History and Culture

This course will explore the rich history of the representations of Jews within French culture and contributions to French history. The class will consider how French Jews served as incubators of cultural modernity. France was the first country in Europe to emancipate Jews from their ghettos, offering them civil rights and civic equality. But at the same time, France was a crucible for the development of modern anti-Semitism. Jews appear as characters in novels, hosts of intellectual salons, as actors on the French stage, as icons of financial capitalism, as examples of the limits and possibilities of immigration, integration, and even assimilation, as authors and intellectuals, as quintessentially French and Other to France. We will navigate these tensions through literature, art, film, theater, and in their diverse historical contexts.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3036 Poverty and Social Reform in American History

This course explores the history of dominant ideas about the causes of and solutions to poverty in American society. We will investigate changing economic, cultural, and political conditions that gave rise to new populations of impoverished Americans and to the expansion or contraction of poverty rates at various times in American history. However, we will focus primarily on how various social commentators, political activists, and reformers defined poverty, explained its causes, and struggled to ameliorate its effects. The course aims to highlight changes in theories and ideas about the relationship between dependence and independence, personal responsibility and social obligation, and the state and the citizen.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3038 9/11 in World History

A century from now, historians will identify 9/11 as a milestone in twentieth and twenty first century world history. This course questions why a single terrorist episode redefined the landscape of global geopolitics. It proceeds from the assumption that the tragedy's global consequences stem no less from the historical context of the Muslim world than from America's contemporary superpower status. Put more simply, a rigorous world history lens upon twentieth century Islam is a prerequisite for understanding 9/11's profound transnational significance in our time and for future generations.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3039 Islamic History: 600-1200

The cultural, intellectual, and political history of the Islamic Middle East, beginning with the prophetic mission of Muhammad and concluding with the Mongol conquests. Topics covered include: the life of Muhammad; the early Muslim conquests; the institution of the caliphate; the translation movement from Greek into Arabic and the emergence of Arabic as a language of learning and artistic expression; the development of new educational, legal and pietistic institutions; changes in agriculture, crafts, commerce and the growth of urban culture; multiculturalism and inter-confessional interaction; and large-scale movements of nomadic peoples.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3047 Early Modern China

This course examines political, socio-economic, and intellectual-cultural developments in Chinese society from the middle of the fourteenth century to 1800. This chronological focus largely corresponds to the last two imperial dynasties, the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911). Thematically, the course emphasizes such early modern indigenous developments as increasing commercialization, social mobility, and questioning of received cultural values.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3049 Chinese Diasporas

Five hundred years ago, the Chinese population was concentrated in core areas of China proper. Beginning in the 16th century, significant numbers of Chinese people moved to the frontiers of an expanding China and across its borders: to Japan and Southeast Asia, to the Americas and Australia, and to Africa and Europe. Although Chinese migration certainly existed beforehand, the period from the 16th century to the present day is marked by the emergence of sustained movement of non-state actors and the development of institutions -- ranging from native-place associations to tourist agents' websites -- that supported this vast circulation of people. Likewise, in many emigrant communities and host societies, Chinese diasporic families adapted to migration as a way of life. This course traces this worldwide circulation of Chinese people over these five centuries.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3053 Cyborgs in History: From Cybernetics to Artificial Intelligence

Who coined the word cyborg, and why? How did cyborgs become so integral to our imaginative worlds and daily existence? In this course, we will contemplate the intersection between technologies and societies through the lens of cyborgs, a term that is shorthand for cybernetic organisms. Defying the separation between humans and machines, cyborgs have been critical to sciences, humanities, pop culture, feminism, afrofuturism, and queer studies, among many other fields of inquiry. This course will take a deep dive into the worlds of scientists, scholars, artists, and ordinary people to discover the cultural meanings of cyborgs across time and space. Along the way, we will meet Norbert Wiener, who coined the term cybernetics; Donna Haraway, for whom the cyborgs were a revolutionary species; and John C. Lilly, who thought he could speak with dolphins. We will also travel to the USSR to read about a failed internet; to Chile, where cybernetics was a socialist project; and to Japan, to learn about gender and technology in non-Western spaces. By the end of the course, students will have a strong theoretical and historical grasp on the social worlds of cybernetic technologies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3070 Modern Latin America

This course aims to present a survey of Latin American history from Independence to the present. Topics to be covered include the Wars of Independence; caudillismo; nationalism; liberalism; slavery and indigenous peoples; urbanization, industrialization and populism; ideas of race & ethnicity; the Mexican and Cuban Revolutions; US intervention; modernity, modernism and modernization; motherhood and citizenship; the Cold War; terror and violence under military dictatorships and popular resistance movements. While the course aims to provide students with an understanding of the region, it will focus primarily on the experiences of Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina and Central America.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3083 Beautiful Losers: The French in North America, 1500-1850

Adventurous fur-traders, fun-loving carnival-goers, magnanimous noblemen, simple but goodhearted Catholic peasants: the portrait of the French in the Americas rarely goes beyond these time-honored stereotypes. The French have usually been treated as quaint remnants of a bygone age, vanquished first by the British army and then by the march of modernity. This course seeks to rescue these historical actors from the typecasting to which we often condemn them. Through this examination of the French presence in the Americas, we will rethink and revisit the familiar stories of British North America: stories of slavery, commerce, property, piety and migration. The contrasted differences will also allow us to reflect on the nature of colonialism and question some ready-made understandings about colonial British America and the Early Republic.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3085 19th-Century China: Violence and Transformation

This course traces the history of China over the course of the 19th century, with an emphasis on social and cultural history. This was one of the most tumultuous centuries in Chinese history, during which China faced threats from abroad in the form of Western and Japanese imperialism as well as from within in the form of environmental degradation and rebellions resulting in an unprecedented loss of human life. The 19th century has thus often been portrayed as a period of sharp decline for China. At the same time, we will explore the ways in which the origins of the dynamic society and economy found in China today -- as well as the worldwide influence of overseas Chinese -- can be traced to this century of turmoil.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3087 From the Renaissance to Nazi Germany:Ancient Greece and Rome in German Nationalism

In 1943 the Nazi SS stormed the Italian Villa Fontedamo in search of a book: the Germania of the ancient Roman historian Tacitus. Storming the villa was just one example of a quest Germans had been undertaking since the Renaissance: to find German national identity with the help of Ancient Greece and Rome. Graeco-Roman antiquity provided the Germans with the first comprehensive description of their ancient ancestors in the Germania and their first national hero, Arminius. In this course, we will study the impact of that Greece and Rome had on German national identity starting in the 16th century when a group of poet-scholars transformed the Germania and Arminius into central components of German national identity. We will trace it through the Enlightenment in the 17th-18th centuries and into the age of imperialism in the 19th century when the first monument to Arminius was erected in Germany, the so-called Hermannsdenkmal (Monument to Arminius). We will end with how the Nazis reinterpreted the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome as a justification for fascism and violent nationalism. We will debate extensively and write in detail about questions of authority, identity, tolerance, intolerance, belonging, and ultimately why classical culture has been one of the most influential forces of the last 500 years. Our focus will lie on three key questions, each of incomparable relevance in today's world: 1. Why did German nationalists turn to Ancient Greece and Rome? Addressing this question will help us understand the decisive role classical antiquity has had since Rome fell in 476 CE 2. What specific mechanisms were used to interpret Graeco-Roman culture and knowledge? Answering this will allow us to evaluate how history is always in service of identity and power. 3. How did German identity develop? Evaluating this will help us understand how Renaissance-era poet-scholars were at the beginning of an identity creation that exploded in the 1900s. Our goals are to understand classical culture's potential for use and abuse, and to develop tools for historical thought and insight that help us understand the past and present

Credit 3 units.

HISTORY 3089 Gender, Health, and Resistance: Comparative Slavery in the African Diaspora

Slavery is a field of historical study that continues to undergo considerable transformation within scholarly investigation. As such, scholars have sought to initiate much broader understandings of the evolution of slavery across both time and geographical space. This course will utilize a comparative approach to examine the experiences of enslavement common throughout the African Diaspora, particularly within the United States, the Caribbean, and parts of Latin America. Some themes briefly covered within this course include: gender, sexuality, community, resistance, medicine, labor, and culture.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3090 Crusade, Conflict, and Coexistence: Jews in Christian Europe

This course will investigate some of the major themes in the history of the Jews in Europe, from the Middle Ages to the eve of the French Revolution. Jews constituted a classic, nearly continuous minority in the premodern Christian world-a world that was not known for tolerating dissent. Or was it? One of the main purposes of the course is to investigate the phenomenon of majority/minority relations, to examine the ways in which the Jewish community interacted with and experienced European societies, cultures, and politics. We will look at the dynamics of boundary formation and cultural distinctiveness; the limits of religious and social tolerance; the periodic eruption of persecution in its social, political, and religious contexts; and the prospects for Jewish integration into various European societies during the course of the Enlightenment era.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: ETH, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3092 Vienna, Prague, Budapest: Politics, Culture and Identity in Central Europe

The term Central Europe evokes the names of Freud and Mahler; Kafka and Kundera; Herzl, Lukács, and Konrád. In politics, it evokes images of revolution and counter-revolution, ethnic nationalism, fascism, and communism. Both culture and politics, in fact, were deeply embedded in the structures of empire (in our case, the Habsburg Monarchy)--structures which both balanced and exacerbated ethnic, religious, and social struggles--in modern state formation, and in the emergence of creative and dynamic urban centers, of which Vienna, Budapest, and Prague were the most visible. This course seeks to put all of these elements into play--empire, nation, urban space, religion, and ethnicity--in order to illustrate what it has meant to be modern, creative, European, nationalist, or cosmopolitan since the 19th century. It engages current debates on nationalism and national identity; the viability of empires as supra-national constructs; urbanism and modern culture; the place of Jews in the social and cultural fabric of Central Europe; migration; and authoritarian and violent responses to modernity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3093 Becoming Modern: Emancipation, Antisemitism and Nationalism in Modern Jewish History

This course offers a survey of the Jewish experience in the modern world by asking, at the outset, what it means to be-or to become-modern. To answer this question, we look at two broad trends that took shape toward the end of the eighteenth century-the Enlightenment and the formation of the modern state-and we track changes and developments in Jewish life down to the close of the twentieth century with analyses of the (very different) American and Israeli settings. The cultural, social, and political lives of Jews have undergone major transformations and dislocations over this time-from innovation to revolution, exclusion to integration, calamity to triumphs. The themes that we will be exploring in depth include the campaigns for and against Jewish emancipation; acculturation and religious reform; traditionalism and modernism in Eastern Europe; the rise of political and racial antisemitism; mass migration and the formation of American Jewry; varieties of Jewish national politics; Jewish-Gentile relations between the World Wars; the destruction of European Jewry; the emergence of a Jewish nation-state; and Jewish culture and identity since 1945.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HEU, HSM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3094 History of the Jews in Islamic Lands

This course is a survey of Jewish communities in the Islamic world, their social, cultural, and intellectual life from the rise of Islam to the Imperial Age.Topics include: Muhammad, the Qur'an and the Jews; the legal status of Jews under Islam; the spread of Rabbinic Judaism in the Abbasid empire; the development of new Jewish identities under Islam (Karaites); Jewish traders and scholars in Fatimid Egypt; the flourishing of Jewish civilization in Muslim Spain (al-Andalus); and Sephardi (Spanish) Jews in the Ottoman empire. On this background, we will look closely at some of the major Jewish philosophical and poetical works originating in Islamic lands. Another important source to be studied will be documents from the Cairo Genizah, reflecting social history, the status of women, and other aspects of daily life.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3095 Modern Eurasia: Afghanistan and Central Asia

This course offers an introduction to the political, religious, cultural and social history of Russian Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Xinjiang in modern times, with a focus on the last century. Students will consider the complex relationship between historical notions of Islam and modernity as a central analytical lens for understanding this region's contemporary history, and in particular, highlight the central role of the Muslim faith as a source of inspiration, consternation and anxiety among rulers, reformers, conquerors, and modernizers.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3103 The World is NOT Enough: Europe's Global Empires, 1400-1750

Non sufficit orbis (the world is not enough) became the motto for King Philip II of Spain, whose empire touched nearly every part of the globe. Europe's expansion to Africa, Asia, and the Americas was a transforming event for world history and for its willing and unwilling participants. This course examines the religious, political, and economic forces driving the overseas expansion of Europe, compares the experience of European sailors, soldiers, and merchants in different parts of the world, and analyzes the effect of empire on the colonizers, the colonized, and the balance of world power. Topics covered include: Portuguese and Spanish conquests in the East and West Indies, religious conversion and resistance, trade routes and rivalries, colonial practices and indigenous influence, the establishment of Atlantic slavery, and the rise of the Dutch and English empires.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3104 War, Genocide and Gender in Modern Europe

This course explores the way in which gender and gender relations shaped and were shaped by war and genocide in 20th century Europe. The course approaches the subject from various vantage points, including economic, social and cultural history, and draws on comparisons between different regions. Topics covered will include: new wartime tasks for women; soldier's treatment of civilians under occupation, including sexual violence; how combatants dealt with fear, injury and the loss of comrades; masculilne attributes of soldiers and officers of different nations and in different wartime roles; survival strategies and the relation to expectations with regard to people's (perceived) gender identity; the meanings of patriotism for women and men during war; and gender specific experiences of genocide.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3106 Europe in the Age of Reformation

How should people act towards each other, towards political authorities and towards their God? Who decided what was the right faith: the individual? the family? the state? Could a community survive religious division? What should states do about individuals or communities who refused to conform in matters of religion? With Martin Luther's challenge to the Roman Catholic Church, the debates over these questions transformed European theology, society, and politics. In this class we will examine the development of Protestant and Radical theology, the Reformers relations' with established political authorities, the response of the Catholic Church, the development of new social and cultural expectations, the control of marginalized religious groups such as Jews, Muslims, and Anabaptists, and the experiment of the New World.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3109 Riots and Revolution: A History of Modern France From 1789 to the Present

This course surveys the history of France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from the French Revolution through the European Union. The focus in this course will be on the relationship between Paris and the provinces and how the dynamic between the seemingly all-powerful capital and its periphery, both colonial and metropolitan, played into the history of modern France. Major topics include: the legacy of the French Revolution; the development of French nationalism; popular political uprisings; the meaning of modernity; colonialism; French cultural capital; and the changing fortunes of France on the international stage.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3110 The Rise and Fall of Indian Country, 1776-1900

What does the phrase Indian Country mean in American history? Was it a soverign state with complex political societies, an ill-defined place distinguished by a savage wilderness, or something else entirely? By examining the long history of Indian Country as both a physical space and a political concept, this course asks questions about how North America's indigenous people shaped the political history of the continental interior from the establishment of the United States to the closing of the frontier in the 1890s. Indian Country as a historical concept touches on some of the crucial aspects of American history: race, space and political identity, and challenges our assumptions about what government, nationality and cultural identity look like in the American context.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3111 Modern Germany

This course surveys the political, social, economic, and cultural forces that have shaped German history since 1800. After examining the multiplicity of German states that existed in 1800, we will identify the key factors that resulted in unification in 1871. We then turn to a study of modern Germany in its various forms, from the Empire through the Weimar Republic and Third Reich, to post-war division and reunification. A major focus will be the continuities and discontinuities of German history, particularly with regard to the historical roots of Nazism and attempts to break with the past after 1945.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3116 Europe in the 20th Century

In 1914, several European nations dominated much of the world through vast overseas empires in which they exercised military, political, and economic power. This course explores the decline, fall, and slow return of the new Europe by examining the history of Europe from the First World War to the present. It considers the decline of Europe brought about by two devasting wars, and the crucial impact of war and genocide in shaping European politics, society, and culture; the place of Europe in the Cold War; and the European retreat from empire in the postwar era.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3119 Gandhi: The Man and His Methods

Few individuals have held as prominent a place in the histoical imagination as Mohandas K. Gandhi. In this course, students will examine all facets of Gandhi's life and ideas in order to better address his role in history. Students will hone the fundamental skills of historical scholarship and research through a combination of traditional and creative assignments.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 3125 Re-Forming Ireland, 1500-1700

Ireland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was radically transformed. Not only were the political structures and the political culture of resurgent Gaeldom destroyed. Religious loyalties consolidated new Irish identities as protestantism - in the form of new waves of settlers and new flurries of English governmental interventions - obliterated inherited distinctions and divisions and defined all Roman Catholics as the enemy.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3130 The Rise and Fall of Indian Country, 1776-1900

This course examines the long history of Indian Country as both a physical space and a political concept. It asks how North America's indigenous peoples shaped the political history of the continental interior from the establishment of the United States to the closing of the frontier in the 1890s. Indian Country as a historical concept touches on some of the crucial aspects of American history: race, space, and political identity. Rather than a narrative of conquest and exclusion, this course challenges students to see the history of Indian Country as an integral component of how the United States came into being physically and culturally.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM UColl: CD

Typical periods offered: Summer

HISTORY 3131 Gender, Sexuality and Communism in 20th-Century Europe

This upper-division course examines the role of gender and sexuality for the establishment of communist societies in Europe in 20th century. We will explore to what extent societies built on the communist model succeeded with the achievement of gender equality and allowed for sexual relations liberated from religious or economic constraints. Class materials examine how state socialism shaped gender roles and women's and men's lives differently as well as how gays and lesbians struggled against social taboo and state repression. Students analyze the impact of modernization, industrialization, war and other conflicts on concepts of femininity and masculinity as well as on the regulation of sexuality and family relations in several Eastern European countries. We will place these dynamics within the context of broader political and cultural developments, ending with an analysis of the breakdown of socialism in the early 1990s and its impact on gender relations and the freedom of expression. The course provides students with a basic knowledge of the history of Eastern Europe and of left-wing movements active in the area, emphasizing the effects of communist ideas on women, gender equality, and non-normative sexual orientations.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3133 Modern France Since 1870

This course examines French history since the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. It looks at the creation of an enduring republic (the Third Republic-the first lasting republic in the history of the European great powers) and the shaping of republican institutions up to the present day. The course will focus on political history, with special attention to social, economic, and religious history-as distinguished from the cultural and intellectual.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3135 Revolution With an Accent: The Haitian and French Revolutions, 1770-1805

How can politics enact fundamental changes? What make those changes a revolution? How do we judge the legitimacy of such changes? When these questions arise over the course of ordinary political arguments, the example of the French Revolution often looms large, casting a shadow tinted with blood and Terror. Much less present in the collective political imagination is the Haitian Revolution. These two events are complex and complicated, and are filled with fascinating, chilling, inspired characters, enflamed rhetoric and challenging questions. This course will examine both the unfolding of events and the rise and fall of protagonists within these two Revolutions and will explore the ways that issues such as religion, state finance, loyalty, race, slavery became politicized.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HEU, HSP

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3136 The Politics of Terror: The French Revolution

Students will explore the history of political culture in eighteenth-century France, from the final decades of the Bourbon monarchy to the rise of Napolean Bonaparte. Topics include: the erosion of the king's authority in the years leading up to 1789; the fall of the Bastille; the Constitutions of 1791 and 1793; civil war in the Vendee; the militarization of the Revolution; the dechrisitanization movement; attempts to establish a new Revolutionary calendar and civil religion; and the conspiracy theories that gripped Robespierre and his colleagues during the Terror.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3137 Socialist and Secular? A Social History of the Soviet Union

This class explores daily life and cultural developments in the Soviet Union, 1917 to 1999. Focusing on the everyday experience of Soviet citizens during these years, students learn about the effects of large-scale social and political transformation on the private lives of people. To explore daily life in the Soviet Union, this class uses a variety of sources and media, including scholarly analysis, contemporaneous portrayals, literary representations, and films. Students will receive a foundation in Soviet political, social, and cultural history with deeper insights into select aspects of life in Soviet society.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3138 20th-Century Russian History

In 2005, President Putin remarked that Above all, we should acknowledge that the collapse of the Soviet Union was the major geopolitical disaster of the century. This course is a survey of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union from 1900 to the present. It covers the Imperial legacy, the several revolutions at the beginning of the century, Stalinism and de-Stalinization, retrenchment, Gorbachev's reforms and collapse, and post-Soviet developments. Emphasis will also be placed on the Soviet Union as a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-lingual society, including relations with Chechnya and Ukraine, among other regions.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3139 All Measures Short of War

This course focuses on the return of great power competition in the 21st century. In particular, it examines the security challenges facing the United States in the form of strategic competition from revisionist states (Russia and China) and hostile threats from rogue regimes (Iran and North Korea). Through a consideration of the strategic, military, political, economic, and intelligence dynamics germane to foreign policy and national security, it will examine the hypothesis that the United States is not likely to go to hot war with any of these four nations but instead resort to what President Roosevelt in another context and time famously called all measures short of war -- in other words, engaging one another through new technologies such as cyber, artificial intelligence, robotics, big data, hypersonics, biotechnology, and other means that have come to demarcate a hybrid battlefield in an age of hostile competition. As such, the course will assess the recent past, current state, and likely future of American power in the new global security environment.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3146 Topics in European History: Modern European Women

This course examines the radical transformation in the position and perspective of European women since the eighteenth century. The primary geographical focus is on Britain, France, and Germany. Topics include: changing relations between the sexes; the emergence of mass feminist movements; the rise of the 'new woman;' women and war; and the cultural construction and social organization of gender. We will look at the lives of women as nurses, prostitutes, artists, mothers, hysterics, political activists, consumers, and factory hands.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3147 The Wheels of Commerce: From the Industrial Revolution to Global Capitalism

This course introduces the methods, issues, and debates that shape our understanding of economic change and development from the Industrial Revolution to the post-industrial age. Engaging economic theorists from Marx to Smith, to Weber and Wallerstein, this course problematizes the notion of rational economic actors and interrogates notions of free trade in an attempt to understand the impact of capitalism on the world. We start the course with a discussion of the exceptionalism of Great Britain as the first industrial nation and reconsider the impact of new trade, production, property and monetary/financial regimes that resulted in the so-called Great Divergence between China and the West. We then turn to the late industrializers of China, Japan, and Mexico in order to investigate the varieties of development, specifically focusing on monetary integration, legal integration and the global impact of the great depression. Continuing into the Bretton Woods Conference and the post-war international monetary systems, we bring the course to a close with the advent of the post-industrial age. This course is designed both for students specializing in economic history and students in all disciplines interested in historical approaches to political/economic development.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3148 The First World War and the Making of Modern Europe

The First World War ushered our age into existence. Its memories still haunt us and its aftershocks shaped the course of the twentieth century. The Russian Revolution, the emergence of new national states, Fascism, Nazism, the Second World War, and the Cold War are all its products. Today, many of the ethnic and national conflicts that triggered war in 1914 have resurfaced. Understanding the First World War, in short, is crucial to understanding our own era.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3154 Topics in History and Technology

The history of computing from mechanical calculating devices to electronic digital computers. This course will examine technical systems in terms of the nexus between technologies and the humans who operate them. Emphasis will be placed on the interconnections between technological and cultural change.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3156 The American Frontier: 1776-1848

This course will examine the nation's shifting frontier from independence through the Mexican-American War. It will consider people and places in flux as their nationality, demography, and social order underwent dramatic changes. Students will make use of an extensive electronic archive of primary sources including period documents, historic maps, and contemporary artwork, in order to consider how these sources confirm, reject, or expand on the ideas they encounter in published scholarship.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3158 The Birth Crisis of Democracy: The New United States of America, 1776-1850

Go get yourself some democracy! Americans have so often preached to other nations, but just how did Americans themselves go about creating the world's largest and most successful democratic republic? How democratic was this violent new nation that reeled from one crisis to another and ultimately to the brink of collapse in its first 75 years? This survey of American history from the creation of the Republic to the eve of the Civil War explores the Revolution and its ambiguous legacies, the starkly paradoxical marriage of slavery and freedom, and the creation of much of the America that we know; mass political parties; a powerful presidency; sustained capitalist growth; individualistic creeds; formalized and folkloric racism; heteronormative patriarchal family life; technological innovation; literary experimentation; distinctively American legal, scientific and religious cultures; and the modern movements of labor, feminism, and African-American empowerment. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or permission of the instructor. Modern, U.S.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HSP, HUS

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3160 African Civilization to 1800

Beginning with an introduction to the methodological and theoretical approaches to African history, this course surveys African civilization and culture from the Neolithic age until 1800 AD. Topics include African geography and environmental history, migration and cross-cultural exchange, the development of Swahili culture, the western Sudanese states, the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and the historical roots of apartheid. For AFAS majors, this course counts as Area Requirement 4.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

HISTORY 3174 Heroes and Saints in India: Religion, Myth, History

This course provides an introduction to the history of modern India and Pakistan through the voices of the Indian subcontinent's major thinkers. We will spend time in the company of saints, from the great-souled Mahatma Gandhi to the Sufi scholar Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi, and we will travel alongside the heroes of peasant politics, women's rights, and struggles for national and social freedom and equality. We will immerse ourselves in the rich narrative heritage of India -- as it has been challenged, reworked, and harnessed for present and future needs -- from the 19th century through the present. Lecture and discussion format; prior knowledge of India or Pakistan not required.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: ETH, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3177 The History of Popular Culture in the United States

This course surveys major developments in the history of popular culture in America, stretching from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. It explores topics such as literature, drama/theater, dance halls, movies, radio, advertising, television, music and the internet; it covers different types of popular culture such as printing, performance, image, and audio; it looks at how popular culture has been depicted in terms of icons, myths, stereotypes, heroes, celebrities and rituals; it addresses the rise of mass production and consumption; it examines the ways in which race, class, gender, ethnicity and sexuality have been perceived and are portrayed in popular culture; and it illustrates how the content of popular culture shapes and reflects our personal, social, political and intellectual beliefs and values.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3178 The United States in the 20th Century

This course will explore the dramatic changes that transformed American society from the 1890s to the 1980s. Covering the main themes of twentieth century U.S. history, students will connect domestic policies and developments to international events, and study how Americans of diverse backgrounds thought about, experienced, and defined democracy and citizenship in the United States.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3179 Law in American Life: 1776 to the Present

Among the many contradictions of American history, none has been more recurrent than the tension of justice and law--of aspiration and reality--as Americans have sought to make good on the promises of the Revolution. Although we pride ourselves as a nation devoted to the principle of equal justice under the law, the terms equal and justice have prompted bitter debate, and the way we place them under law has divided Americans as often as it has united them. It is the purpose of this course to examine the many and conflicting ways in which Americans have sought to use law to achieve the goals of the republic established in 1776. Viewing law as the contested terrain of justice, cultural construction, social necessity, and self-interest, this course will pay close attention to the way Americans have used, abused, or evaded law thoughout their national history.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: ETH, HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3181 American Politics and Society in the 1970s

This course provides both a chronological and thematic approach to the history of 1970s America. Class time will focus on only a few of the most significant shifts in American politics, culture, and society. The course will encourage students to think more deeply about: the fate of liberalism in post-1960s America; the rise of ethnic identity and its impact on the rights revolution; gender and the politics of sexuality; religion and the rise of the South; Nixon and Watergate; Carter and political malaise; urban decay; environmentalism; and the United States' earliest encounters with terrorism.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3184 U.S. Immigration in Historical Perspective

The idea of the United States as a nation of immigrants has become a widely accepted feature of American identity, but defining who and which immigrants to include (and exclude) in the nation remains a hotly debated issue today. This course will put some of today's immigration debates in a historical perspective, examining how past Americans debated questions about the fitness of immigrants for freedom and citizenship, and how those debates in turn shaped immigrant experiences and American identity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, SSC BU: BA

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3185 History of U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1920

This course explores the major diplomatic, political, legal, and economic issues shaping U.S. relations with the wider world from the 1920s through the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HSM, HUS

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3186 Law and History: Colonial Era to Reconstruction

This course analyzes the development of American law and the constitutional system from the colonial era through the era of the Civil War and Reconstruction, beginning with a general theoretical background on the study of legal history. The course concludes with an analysis of the role of law in controversies around the commemoration of the Civil War era.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3187 Women, Gender and Sexuality in Postwar America

We will explore the history of the United States since 1945 by focusing on the ways that gender and sexuality have shaped the lives of Americans, particularly the diverse group of women who make up more than half the nation's population. Topics will include: domesticity and the culture of the 1950s; gendering the cold war; the gender politics of racial liberation; the sexual revolution; second-wave feminism and the transformation of American culture; the new right's gender politics; and the impact of new conceptions of sexual and gender identity at century's end. Course texts will include scholarly literature, memoirs, novels and film.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3199 Topics in American History: The Urban Crisis: Historical Perspectives on Modern American Cities.

Since World War II, American cities have undergone enormous changes. Industrial decline, rumbling neighborhoods, rigid segregation, racial trauma, and suburban sprawl have all contributed to a troubled urban world. This course will equip students with an historical perspective on the urban crisis. Rather than simply identifying urban problems, we will use the tools of historical inquiry to grapple with the underlying causes of these problems. Students will learn the value of history as a method for illuminating the social, cultural, political, and economic forces that underlie the current urban crisis. Students will also apply their historical understandings toward the creation of an informed position on metropolitan policy and planning issues.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3209 How Free is Free?: African American History Since Emancipation

The events that unfolded in Ferguson this past fall revealed the contradictions of a national government that is led by a black president yet also sanctions the susceptibility of its black citizens to police brutality. What has freedom really meant for African Americans since emancipation? This course addresses key events and movements that shaped African Americans' definition and pursuit of freedom and citizenship, emphasizing various strategies, successes, failures, and legacies developed as a result. Key developments will include the Reconstruction, Jim Crow, the Harlem Renaissance, the World Wars, the Civil Rights Movement, and mass incarceration.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3214 Religion and Politics in South Asia: Writing-Intensive Seminar

The relationship between religion, community, and nation is a topic of central concern and contestation in the study of South Asian history. This course will explore alternative positions and debates on such topics as: changing religious identities; understandings of the proper relationship between religion, community, and nation in India and Pakistan; and the violence of Partition (the division of India and Pakistan in 1947). The course will treat India, Pakistan and other South Asian regions in the colonial and post-colonial periods.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3215 The Making of the Modern American Landscape-Writing-Intensive Seminar

This writing intensive seminar explores environmental change in relation to human actions in the United States. It provides a vision of American history from the perspective of the land itself. It traces transformations in the organization and uses of landed property from the eighteenth century surveys of western lands: through the expansion of slavery and the cotton kingdom; the construction of irrigation systems in the west; the emergence of new technologies of production and communication in nineteenth century cities to the mass production of surburban housing; and finally to the rise of Disneyland and Las Vegas.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3216 The Russian Revolution: Writing-Intensive Seminar

The Ten Days that Shook the World divided Russian, European, and American society from 1917 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. This seminar will examine major interpretations of the Russian Revolution through readings and a series of written exercises including a formal book review, a comparative essay, and an analytical research paper.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3217 Imagining the African Diaspora: Slavery, Black Radicalism & Globalization: Writing Intensive Seminar

This course introduces students to the African diaspora as both a practice and a subject of study. From Latin America to the U.S., the Atlantic World, and Asia, students will critically consider the construction of the African diaspora across time and space, and the foundational role of people of African descent in the making of the modern world. While the overarching framework of the course is historical, we will assume an interdisciplinary approach, examining memoirs and historical works as well as film, music, and the performing arts. We will think about how the African diaspora complicates our understandings of home, identity, race, geography, gender, and politics. This course does not aim to establish a single understanding of the African diaspora but to appreciate its flexibility as both a practice and concept.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3224 Senior Honors Thesis and Colloquium: Writing-Intensive Seminar

Senior Honors Thesis and Colloquium: Writing-Intensive Seminar

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3226 Gender and Sexuality in 1950s America: Writing-Intensive Seminar

Historians have recently begun to reconsider the dominant view of the 1950s as an era characterized by complacency and conformity. In this writing intensive seminar we will use the prism of gender history to gain a more complex understanding of the intricate relationship between conformity and crisis, domesticity and dissent that characterized the 1950s for both women and men.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3228 England's Internal Empire, 1500-1700: Writing-Intensive Seminar

The establishment and the costs of English hegemony over the British Isles. Political and cultural aggression, religious conflict, and social and economic development all contributed to identity formation, whether in the triumphant metropolitan core or in the embittered Celtic periphery.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3229 Mapping the Early Modern World: Writing-Intensive Seminar

Societies use maps not just to see the world, but also to assign meaning and order to space: both nearby spaces and spaces on the other side of the world. In this seminar, we will study how maps were created, circulated, and interpreted between the sixteenth and eighteenth century, when Europeans came into contact with new regions throughout the world and reshaped their own backyards through the rise of the modern state and the development of national identity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3234 Women and Crime in the Evolution of American History

Crime happens. Property is damaged and stolen, lives are lost, and law, order, and justice evolves. This course taps into that ongoing reality by centering the herstorical evolution of female crime, highlighting women and girls of many kinds across time and spaces of America. It moves across centuries (through to the contemporary period) probing within and far beyond icons to unveil the gendered nature of crime and moreover to empower students to see and trace everyday female criminality that ignited across racial, ethnic, as well as lines of age in the winding path of American history. While men and boys dominate public and even scholarly expectations of crime and carceral conversations for many, students will leave this course with a far more rigorous understanding of the herstories gained by taking serious the types of crimes that women and girls acted out by exploring: robbery, assault, infanticide, larceny, murder, arson, prostitution, serial killers, and drug-related crimes. As well as going further to probe state and federal power through carceral medicine - showing the interior world of female prisoners, physicians, the movement of females into asylums'' and mental state hospitals, incarceration based on insanity while going further to examine births, illnesses, and death of women and teens in jails and prisons. Students will be likewise pushed to engage America's timeline of race, gender, and executions that includes women and girls. Racialized and gendered criminality, law enforcement violence, healthcare and deathcare in prisons are critical public health issues that students can better understand the complicated evolutions by deeply probing the herstorical lives of women, girls, and crime through this course. Students will read, learn, dig up the past, and write to ensure a future of herstory and remembrance.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3236 Mao and the World

Was Mao Zedong an uncompromising tyrant who caused the death of millions, or was he a revolutionary leader who was daring enough to imagine an alternative existence? This course is a close investigation of Mao and his world through a global perspective. The students will be exposed to primary sources written by Mao himself, and they will situate Mao within the turbulent decades of China's engagement with Western colonialism, imperialism, and revolutionary thought in the 20th century. Putting Maoism at the center of world history, students will learn the intimate links between China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and North America, and they will examine in detail how Maoism shaped a variety of political and infrastructural transformations around the world, from the Black Panthers to Tanzanian railroads. By the end of the course, students will have a strong grasp of the contradictions that Mao himself faced throughout his life -- contradictions that changed nothing less than the world itself.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3242 Politics, Religion, and Society in Early Modern Britain, 1485-1714

This lecture course is intended to provide an introduction to the political, religious and economic development of English society between the late fifteenth and the early eighteenth centuries. Particular issues addressed in the lectures will include: changing social structure; households; local communities; gender roles; economic development; urbanization; religious change from the Reformation to the Act of Toleration; the Tudor and Stuart monarchies; rebellion, popular protest and civil war; witchcraft; education, literacy and print culture; crime and the law; poverty and social welfare; the changing structures and dynamics of political participation; the emergence of parliamentary government; and the early development of imperial ambitions.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3247 England Under the Tudors

The late medieval collapse of order and the Tudor reaction, with the assertion of a strong personal monarchy. Analysis of the nature of protest (noble, parliamentary, peasant) and its limitations, to establish how the Crown was able to consolidate its authority; the impact of religious change (the Reformation, Puritanism). Prerequisite: sophomore standing, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3248 Historical Methods-Microhistories: Scale and Narrative in Historical Research and Writing

Historical Methods (Transregional): How much can we learn about the past through the story of a single person, place, object, or event? Since the 1970s, historians have attempted to show that 'microhistories' can powerfully illuminate the grand sweep of history. By narrowing their focus to magnify the small, the particular, and the local, 'microhistorians' have argued that studies of apparently inconsequential subjects can have a major impact on our understanding of the past. This course is based on the intensive reading and discussion of several outstanding examples of the 'micro-historical' study of individuals, families, communities, events, and social interactions. These will be primarily drawn from the literature on early modern Europe, which has a long and continuing tradition of work of this kind. Some, however, are taken from the historiography of Early America and recent approaches to 'Global' history. Particular attention will be paid to questions of evidence and of its potential in the hands of imaginative historians; and to the deployment of particular analytical and narrative techniques in the construction of history. We will often be less concerned with whether the historians we study are 'right' in their arguments than with how they develop and present them.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3249 America in the Age of Inequality: The Gilded Age & the Progressive Era, 1877-1919

This course will explore dramatic changes in American society during the half-century from the Civil War to the end of WWI. We will discuss industrialization; mass immigration from Europe, Asia and Latin America; the vast movement of rural people to cities; the fall of Reconstruction and rise of Jim Crow; the expansion of organized labor; birth of American Socialism; and the rise of the American empire in the Caribbean and the Philippines. The course will, in addition, analyze the many and varied social reform efforts of the turn of the twentieth century, from women's suffrage to anti-lynching campaigns; from trust-busting and anti-immigrant crusades to the settlement house movement.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3255 Seminar: Perceptions of Time and Place in Early Modern England

This seminar analyses perceptions of time and place in England, c.1500-1800, and their relationship to both personal and social identity. These issues will be explored using appropriate theoretical and substantive readings and both visual and textual primary sources. Particular attention will be given to the use of visual images as historical evidence. Specific issues addressed include the development of cartography, chorography and antiquarianism; conventions of time reckoning and the dating of events; perceptions of the life course; the creation of social memory and historical narratives; representations of social place; agrarian change and the transformation of the landscape; the impact of the Reformation on the calendar, the landscape, and senses of the past; and representations of previously unknown places and peoples. Primary sources for discussion include maps and prospects; chorographical surveys; illustrated antiquarian writings; almanacs; pictorial representations of notable events; engravings; paintings (portraits; 'country house portraits'; landscapes; 'conversation pieces'; history painting and 'documentary' works); memorials; family histories; extracts from court records.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3259 I Know IT When I See It: A History of Obscenity & Pornography in the United States

When Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart was asked to describe his test for obscenity in 1964, he responded: I know it when I see it. But do we? What is pornography and how has it changed over the last two and a half centuries? What role does pornography play in our society and how is our society reflected in its contents? This course seeks to explore these questions and more and actively engages in the debate and controversies inherent to discussions of pornography in America. In this course we will engage with primary sources to track the changing nature of pornographic material- written, physical, and visual- and to recognize the way pornography reflects changes in the wider social milieu, as well as secondary and theoretical sources to contextualize and provoke our understanding of patterns of pornography use and regulation. It is likely that our definition of pornography will change over the semester- our initial definition is broadly bounded by material considered pornographic by its contemporaries and that which is created with the intent of erotic simulation.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3274 The High Middle Ages: 1000-1500

This course begins with Latin Christendom in the first millennium and ends with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. We will study, amongst other topics, the relationship of popes to kings, cities to villages, Jews to Christians, vernacular literature to Latin, knights to peasants, the sacred to the profane, as well as different forms of religious life, farming, heresy, the shift from a penitential culture to a confessional one, the crusades and Islam, troubadour poetry, love, universities, leprosy, the inquisition, Gothic art, the devil, chivalry, manuscript illumination, the Mongol Empire, shoes, definitions of feudalism, environment, trade, scholastic philosophy, female spirituality, witchcraft, sex, the Black Death, food, the Hundred Years War, the formation of Europe, the renaissance in Italy, enslaved Africans in the Iberian peninsula, and the conquest of the Mexica.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3275 History of United States Foreign Relations to 1914

This course explores the major diplomatic, political, legal, and economic issues shaping U.S. Foreign Relations in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, up until the U.S. entry into the First World War.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3276 Independent Work

Permission of the instructor is required.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3277 Hinduism & the Hindu Right

We are witnessing a global rise in rightwing politics, and India is no exception. In May 2019, Narendra Modi and his Hindu Nationalist party were elected to power for a second term. Observers in the United States and Europe may be stunned by what seems to be a new development, but observers in India have been following the rise of the Hindu Right since the early 1990s. In its wake, the Hindu Right has brought violence against minorities; curbs on free speech; and moves toward second-class citizenship for Indian Muslims. This course will track the history of the Hindu Right in India from its 19th-century roots to the present. The struggle to come to grips with the Hindu Right is of immediate political relevance. It also raises big questions about the history of religion and the politics of secularism.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3283 South Asia in Global History

In this course, we will explore the vibrant global history of modern South Asia from 1750 to the present. Through an in-depth exploration of the histories, cultures, and global connections of South Asia, a region encompassing the modern nations of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, we will trace the region's history from its early modern periods to the period of decolonization. Although anchored in the modern chronology of South Asia, the aim is to explore the subcontinent's global connections with Eastern and Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean World, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, and Western Europe. This means that students will acquire tools to understand themes such as colonization, modernization, democracy, and social change more broadly and apply them to other geographic regions. Themes include the early modern global economy, the rise and influence of Indo-Persianate culture, colonial encounters, the complex process of decolonization, and nation-building in the 20th century. Through the circulation of peoples, ideas, and objects we will explore the region's oceanic, subterranean, and peripheral connections that help us understand how South Asians experienced and historicized their history.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3284 The Late Ottoman Middle East

This course surveys the Middle East in the late Ottoman period (essentially the 18th and 19th centuries, up to the First World War). It examines the central Ottoman state and the Ottoman provinces as they were incorporated into the world economy, and how they responded to their peripheralization in that process. Students will focus on how everyday people's lived experiences were affected by the increased monetarization of social and economic relations; changes in patterns of land tenure and agriculture; the rise of colonialism; state efforts at modernization and reform; shifts in gender relations; and debates over the relationship of religion to community and political identity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3287 A History of Modern China

This course explores the 19th- and 20th-century history of China. Its purpose is to provide students with a historical foundation to understand the momentous changes the country underwent during its traumatic transition from an empire to a nation-state. We start the course at the height of the empire's power in the late 18th century, when the Qing dynasty (1637-1912) conquered vast swathes of lands and people in Inner Asia. We then move on to the Qing's troubled relationship with Western capitalism and imperialism in the 19th century, which challenged the economic, social, and ideological structures of the imperial regime, culminating in the emergence of China as a nation-state. By situating China's national history within a global context, the course outlines in detail the transformations that took place in the 20th century, from the rise of communism and fascism to the Second World War to Maoism and cultural revolution. We end the semester with yet another major change that took place in the 1980s, when a revolutionary Maoist ideology was replaced with a technocratic regime, the legacies of which are still with us today.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3289 Economic History of China: From the Silver Age to Reform and Opening, 1500-1990

This seminar explores the economic history of China from the 16th to the 20th century; this time period is the half a millennium during which China became part of the world economy and defined its development in major ways. Over the course of the semester, students will be exposed to the main debates in the field of Chinese economic history while acquiring a strong grasp of the nuts and bolts of how economy functioned and changed from the imperial to the modern times. Situating China within a comparative perspective, we will examine a multitude of debates ranging from the global silver age of the 16th century to the birth of capitalism, the socialist economy, and the PRC's recent involvement in Africa. We will in particular discuss the contradictions that arose out of China's integration into the world economy and the different kinds of economic regimes that existed and continue to exist within China. While this course assumes a basic familiarity with Asian history, students with backgrounds in other world histories and/or social science disciplines should feel comfortable with the course material.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3294 History of Global Capitalism: From Slavery to Neoliberalism

This course introduces the methods, issues, and debates that shape our understanding of economic change and development from the Industrial Revolution to the post-industrial age. Engaging economic theorists from Marx to Smith to Weber and Wallerstein, this course problematizes the notion of rational economic actors and interrogates notions of free trade in an attempt to understand the impact of capitalism on the world. We start the course with a discussion of the exceptionalism of Great Britain as the first industrial nation and reconsider the impact of new trade, production, property and monetary/financial regimes that resulted in the so-called Great Divergence between China and the West. We then turn to the late industrializers of China, Japan, and Mexico in order to investigate the varieties of development, specifically focusing on monetary integration, legal integration and the global impact of the great depression. Continuing into the Bretton Woods Conference and the post-war international monetary systems, we bring the course to a close with the advent of the post-industrial age. This course is designed both for students specializing in economic history and students in all disciplines interested in historical approaches to political/economic development.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3295 Modern South Asia

This course will cover the history of the Indian sub-continent in the 19th and 20th centuries. We shall look closely at a number of issues including colonialism in India; anti-colonial movements; the experiences of women; the interplay between religion and national identity; and popular culture in modern India. Political and social history will be emphasized equally.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3296 Environment and Empire

In this course we study British imperialism from the ground up. At bottom, the British empire was about extracting the wealth contained in the labour and the natural resources of the colonized. How did imperial efforts to maximize productivity and profits impact the ecological balance of forests, pastures, and farm lands, rivers and rainfall, animals and humans? We'll ask, with environmental historians of the U.S., how colonialism marked a watershed of radical ecological change. The course will cover examples from Asia to Africa, with a focus on the jewel in the crown of the British empire: the Indian subcontinent. We'll learn how the colonized contributed to the science of environmentalism, and how they forged a distinctive politics of environmentalism built upon local resistance and global vision, inspired by religious traditions and formative thinkers, not least Mahatma Gandhi.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3297 Empire and Ethnicity: Qing Legacies in China and Inner Asia, 1600 to Today

Eschewing traditional narratives of a closed Chinese civilization, this course explores the cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity of China and its dynamic interactions with Inner Asia during the early modern period. It questions the myth of a monolithic Chinese culture and uncovers the region's multiple and ethnically entangled past through an in-depth look at the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644-1912). This was the last non-Han dynasty of the Imperial Era, and it gave the People's Republic of China its vast Inner Asian territories: Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet. In rethinking the Qing Empire, this course particularly focuses on Tibetan Buddhism and Islam as religious ideologies that linked China with Tibetan, Mongolian, and Turkic-Muslim regions of Inner Asia through the imperial center at Beijing. Specific topics will range from food culture (Halal) to the Qing's expansion into and later colonization of Xinjiang, the reverberations of which persist even today under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3313 Modern Mexico: Land, Politics and Development

This course is designed to provide students with an overview of the political, social, economic and cultural history of Mexico from the era of Independence (roughly 1810) to the present. Lectures will outline basic theoretical models for analyzing historical trends and then present a basic chronological historical narrative.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3314 Historical Methods-European History

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HEU, HSM

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3315 Historical Methods-Transregional History

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. See Course Listings for current topics. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3318 The Early Medieval World: 200-1000

This course begins with the crisis of the Roman Empire in the third century and the conversion of the Emperor Constantine to Christianity in 312. We will study the so-called barbarian invasions of the fourth and fifth centuries and the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West. The Roman Empire in the East (and commonly known as the Byzantine Empire after the seventh century) survived intact, developing a very different style of Christianity than in the lands of the former western empire. Apart from examining Christianization in the deserts of Egypt or the chilly North Sea, we will discuss the phenomenon of Islam in the seventh century (especially after the Prophet Muhammad's death in 632) and the Arab conquests of the eastern Mediterranean and north Africa. In the post-Roman world of the West we will read about the Anglo-Saxons, the Carolingians, and the Vikings. In exploring these topics we will have to think about the relationship of kings to popes, Emperors to patriarchs, of missionaries to pagans, of cities to villages, of the sacred to the profane. Our attention will be directed to things as various as different forms of monasticism, the establishment of frontier communities, the culture of the Arabian peninsula, magic, paganism, military tactics, Romanesque churches, sea travel, manuscript illumination, the architecture of mosques, early medieval philosophy, the changing imagery of Christ, holiness, and violence as a redemptive act.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3319 Historical Methods:

This is a small-group reading course in which students are introduced to the skills essential to the historian's craft. Emphasis will be on acquiring research skills, learning to read historical works critically, and learning to use primary and secondary sources to make a persuasive and original argument. Required for history majors. Preference given to History majors; other interested students welcome.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3322 Japan Since 1868

For some, the word Japan evokes Hello Kitty, animated films, cartoons, and sushi. For others, it makes them think of the Nanjing Atrocity, comfort women, the Bataan Death March, and problematic textbooks. Still others will think of woodblock prints, tea ceremonies, and cherry blossoms or perhaps of Sony Walkmans and Toyota automobiles. At the same time, still others may have no image of Japan at all. Tracing the story of Japan's transformations - from a preindustrial peasant society managed by samurai-bureaucrats into an expansionist nation-state and then into its current paradoxical guise of a peaceful nation of culture led by conservative nationalists - provides the means for deepening our understandings of historical change in one region and grappling with the methods and aims of the discipline of history.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3323 Introduction to Colonial Latin America Until 1825

This course surveys the history of Latin America from the pre-Columbian civilizations through the Iberian exploration and conquest of the Americas until the Wars of Independence (roughly 1400-1815). Stressing the experiences and cultural contributions of Americans, Europeans, and Africans, we consider the following topics through primary written documents, first-hand accounts, and excellent secondary scholarship, as well as through art, music, and architecture: Aztec, Maya, Inca, and Iberian civilizations; models of conquest in comparative perspective (Spanish, Portuguese, and Amerindian); environmental histories; consolidation of colonialism in labor, tributary, and judicial systems; race, ethnicity, slavery, caste, and class; religion and the Catholic Church and Inquisition; sugar and mining industries, trade, and global economies; urban and rural life; the roles of women, gender, and sexuality in the colonies. Geographically, we will cover Mexico, the Andes, and to a lesser extent, Brazil, the Southwest, Cuba, and the Southern Cone. Pre-modern, Latin America.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3335 Hands On the Past: History, Murder and the Archive

The future depends on the past. This course taps into that understanding by offering an alternative hands-on methods class to encourage undergraduate student engagement with history and archives, both on and off line. In this particular class, students will be nurtured to more deeply interact with the historical past by exploring gender, race, violence and sexuality through three central questions explored throughout the course: What and how is African American history conducted? How do we best document the past with students fully at the intellectual table of production and preservation? How do we make history with history? These exciting and diverse interests will be pursued through in class discussions and course assigned readings, but especially by taking a spring break research project trip across Missouri to various local repositories and the State archives, to activate and fuel the idea of putting hands on the past.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC BU: BA

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3338 Understanding Lincoln: Writing-Intensive Seminar

This course explores the life, art (political and literary) and historical significance of Abraham Lincoln. It focuses first on how he understood himself and foregrounds his inspired conception of his own world-historical role in the Civil War. The course also traces how the larger world furnished the contexts of Lincoln's career, how his consciousness, speeches and writings, and presidential decisions can be understood against the backdrop of the revolutionary national democratic upheavals of the 19th century. Finally the course will investigate how the sixteenth president, so controversial in his day, has remained a site of cultural contestation, with historians, novelists, poets, cartoonists, filmmakers, advertisers, and politicians struggling over his memory and meaning, to the present.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, WI BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3351 Out of the Shtetl: Jewish Life in Central and Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Out of the Shtetl is a course about tradition and transformation; small towns and urban centers; ethnicity and citizenship; and nations, states, and empires. At its core, this course asks the following questions: What did it mean for the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe to emerge from small market towns and villages to confront modern ethnicities, nations, and empires? What lasting impact did the shtetl experience have on Jewish life in a rapidly changing environment? The focus is on the Jewish historical experience in the countries that make up Central and Eastern Europe (mainly the Bohemian lands, Hungary, Poland, and Russia) from the late 18th century to the fall of the Soviet Union. Among the topics that we will cover are Jews and the nobility in Poland-Lithuania; the multicultural imperial state; Hasidism and its opponents; absolutism and reform in imperial settings; the emergence of modern European nationalisms and their impact on Jewish identity; antisemitism and popular violence; nationalist and radical movements among Jews; war, revolution, and genocide; and the transition from Soviet dominion to democratic states.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3421 Americans and Their Presidents

How have Americans understood what it means to be President of the United States? This seminar uses that question as a point of departure for a multidisciplinary cultural approach to the presidency in the United States, examining the shifting roles of the chief executive from George Washington through Barack Obama. In addition to a consideration of the President's political and policymaking roles, this course examines how the lived experiences of presidents have informed the ways Americans have conceived of public and private life within a broader political culture. In the process, this course uses the presidency as a means to explore topics ranging from electioneering to gender, foreign policy to popular media. Readings are drawn from a broad range of fields.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3458 Cultural Encounters: China and Eurasia Since the Middle Ages

Eschewing traditional narratives of Chinese civilization, which imply a society closed to the outside world, this course follows current scholarship in situating Chinese history within a broader spatial context. In particular, this course explores cultural encounters between China and other subregions of the Eurasian continent to the north and west of China, from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) to the present. The course begins by analyzing the relationship between nomadic societies on the steppe (and, more generally, non-state spaces) and settled agricultural societies such as China. We then turn to the influence of two religions imported from central Eurasia: Buddhism and Islam. A related theme is the relationship, in the early modern era, between trade, which tended to erode boundaries, and states, which sought to create boundaries. We will then trace the changing dynamics among commerce, religion, and nation-states in the 20th century. Finally, we return to the role of Buddhism and Islam in the contemporary relationship between China and the various peoples and states across its western frontier.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3514 Race, Ethnicity, and Migration: A Transatlantic History

This course interrogates the making and re-making of racial and ethnic categories in the long history of transatlantic migration from the 1850s to the present. We will examine how the steady movement of people and ideas between Europe and the United States have shaped the discourses and policies of immigration, social reform, and globalization on both sides of the mighty Atlantic. Students will be exposed to historical processes and discourses which not only affected the racialization of different groups in various nations but also the ways in which those processes and discourses were influenced by events unfolding across vast spaces. Rather than simply working in a comparative modality, students will think relationally and transnationally to explore the material and representational consequences of racial and ethnic politics.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3607 Beyond Sea, Sunshine and Soca: A History of the Caribbean

This course examines major themes in the history of the Caribbean from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. The first half of the course will focus on the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, exploring issues such as indigenous societies, European encounter and conquest, plantation slavery, the resistance of enslaved Africans and emancipation. The remainder of the course focuses on aspects of the cultural, economic, political and social experiences of Caribbean peoples during the twentieth century. Major areas of inquiry include the labor rebellions of the 1930s, decolonization, diasporic alliances, Black Power, identity construction and the politics of tourism. While the English-speaking Caribbean constitutes the main focus, references will be made to other areas such as Cuba and Haiti.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3608 Science and Society Since 1800

This course surveys selected topics and themes in the history of modern science from 1800 to the present. Emphasis will be on the life sciences, with some attention to the physical sciences.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3614 Artificial Intelligence: The Mind and the Machine

At once bewildered and terrified, here we enter the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Can this new technology be the solution to all problems plaguing our societies? Or will it be the Pandora's Box? As heated discussions around AI take place around the world, this course will examine the deeper history of mechanizing the human mind. Students will explore the first attempts to build calculating machines, the origins of the information age that started much earlier than the invention of computers, the cybernetic revolution that transformed the meaning of the human, and the politics that drove the desire to invent the first artificial intelligence. We will collectively ponder the past of AI to see what the future holds.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3615 Renaissance Italy

This course examines the social, cultural, intellectual, and political history of late medieval and Renaissance Italy: civic life and urban culture; the crisis of the fourteenth century; the city-states of Renaissance Italy; the revival of classical antiquity; art and humanism of the Renaissance; culture, poliics, and society; Machiavelli and Renaissance political thought; the wars of Italy; religious crisis and religious reaction in the sixteenth century.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H UColl: HEU, HSP

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3620 Aliens and Undesirables: The Making of American Immigrants

What makes the right kind of immigrant? This question has been on the minds of Americans for generations, yet we still are often left without an answer. This course explores that question by proposing another set of questions: what is an immigrant? How are certain people included or excluded from this category?, and why is immigration still a concern in the 21st century? We will explore these questions by examining cultural materials such as film, music, photographs, and ephemera alongside the social, legal, and political discourses which framed immigration throughout the long 20th century. We will learn about refugees from Europe, migrants from Latin America, and those deemed undesirable from around the world as they travelled to our own fine city of Saint Louis. Starting in the late 19th century this course will untangle the legislative, cultural, and political actions that impact the discussions around immigration and migration today. A large component of the course will explore the cultural productions which overlapped with the social and political discourses and ensured the longevity and spread of those ideas far beyond the homes and halls of the powerful and into the streets and theaters of the nation. Examining the cultural artifacts that individuals and groups produced for the public allows us to practice historical thinking, material cultural analysis, and draw connections between different time periods and emergent concerns. Throughout the course students will have the opportunity to examine primary source material alongside selected texts which explore the various immigration issues related to concerns around mobility including race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and progressive and liberal politics. In the end students will walk away from this course with an understanding of the historical forces which have shaped American immigration from the calls of Benjamin Franklin to exclude Germans to the cries of Build the Wall in the 21st century.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3665 Experts, Administrators and Soldiers: Governance and Development in Post-Colonial Africa

Between 1957 and 1975, one African territory after another made the transition from European colony to independent nation state. Widespread optimism that these transfers of power would bring a new era of prosperity and dignity dissipated quickly as the new nations struggled with political instability, military coups, social unrest, and persistent poverty. Consequently many western observers and development specialists are certain that they have become failed states requiring foreign assistance to develop properly. This course challenges these assumptions by tracing the origins of African governance and economic development from their imperial origins into the independence era. By exploring nation-building, economic planning, and public administration from the perspective of political elites, foreign experts, and ordinary people the class takes an intimate look at how colonies became nation states. These new perspectives offer students a historical grounding in international public administration and development by exploring how imperial ideas and concepts continue to influence contemporary social planning and development policy in both Africa and the wider world.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3672 Medicine, Healing and Experimentation in the Contours of Black History

Conversations regarding the history of medicine continue to undergo considerable transformation within academia and the general public. The infamous Tuskegee syphilis experiment serves as a marker in the historical consciousness regarding African Americans and the medical profession. This course taps into this particular evolution, prompting students to broaden their gaze to explore the often delicate relationship of people of African descent within the realm of medicine and healing. Tracing the social nature of these medical interactions from the period of enslavement through the 20th century, this course examines the changing patterns of disease and illness, social responses to physical and psychological ailments, and the experimental and exploitative use of black bodies in the field of medicine. As a history course, the focus will be extended towards the underpinnings of race and gender in the medical treatment allocated across time and space--the U.S., Caribbean, and Latin America--to give further insight into the roots of contemporary practice of medicine.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 3682 The Cold War, 1945-1991

This course presents an assessment of the Cold War from the perspective of its major participants. Topics include: the origins of the Cold War in Europe and Asia; the Korean War; the Stalin regime; McCarthyism and the Red Scare; the nuclear arms race; the conflict over Berlin; Cold War film and literature; superpower rivalry in Guatemala, Cuba, Vietnam, Africa, and the Middle East; the rise and fall of detente; the Reagan years and the impact of Gorbechev; the East European Revolutions; and the end of the Cold War.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3683 The U.S. War in Iraq, 2003-2011

This course presents a historical assessment of the United States' eight year war in Iraq from its inception on March 20, 2003, to the withdrawal of all combat troops on December 15, 2011. Topics to be covered include: the Bush Administration's decision to make Iraq part of the War on Terror and the subsequent plan of attack; the combat operations; losing the victory; sectarian violence; torture; the insurgency; battling Al-Qaeda in Iraq; reassessment; the surge; the drawdown; and the end of the war. The course will conclude with an assessment of the war's effectiveness regarding the Global War on Terrorism and U.S. policy in the Middle East.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3714 What a Way to Make a Living: Work, Politics, & Culture in the 20th Century United States

This course explores the lives, labors, and leisure of working people in the twentieth century United States. Students will focus on the seismic transformations and bitter conflicts that went into making a mass production, mass consumption society. How did working people experience and fight to exert control over jobs increasingly dictated by the unyielding pace of vast assembly lines? What happened when manufacturing jobs disappeared? Who left? Who got left behind? How were households and neighborhoods made and remade by huge movements of people from the countryside into cities, and then from urban centers to suburban sprawl? How have working people narrated their own stories from below, and, in turn, how has working life was narrated and (re)packaged from above? To answer these questions, and many more, we will pay close attention to how the organization of work under 20th century capitalism (re)defined social hierarchies, the meaning of citizenship, and racial, gendered, and sexual identity.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3722 The American South: Histories, Cultures, and Representatives Beyond a Region

In 1995 Atlanta based hip hop group Goodie Mob released their debut album entitled Soul Food. On the record is a song called Dirty South. The track talks about life in the South highlighting the war on drugs, racism, and stereotypes that people thought about Black southerners. That same year another Southern hip hop group, Outkast, won the best new hip hop award and brought widespread attention to the rap and hip-hop scene which had been dominated by East Coast and West Coast artists. A new generation of Southern music would quickly become the dominant form of hip hop we hear today. In the early albums you hear lines which ask what it means to be Southern, questions where the South is, and speaks of Southern culture. We will attempt to answer some of those questions that Goodie Mob, Outkast, and more recently Beyoncé posed through a historical exploration of a region steeped in mystery and mystique. The South has fascinated generations of Americans, often represented as a deeply divided and troubled area of backward peoples and histories which continue to shock the nation. At the same time, the South is home to more diverse peoples, businesses, foodstuffs, and geography than most of the United States. The South often defies expectations and surprises the most seasoned social scientist. This course will introduce students to the history of a place that is both familiar and strange while exploring difficult issues of race, ethnicity, and identity. Students will be exposed to a variety of sources including music, film, and art produced by and/or about Southerners. Students will walk away from this course with a deeper understanding of the diversity of cultures and histories of the South and question what makes the South exceptional.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3746 Great Ideas That Changed the World: Humanism to Postmodernism

With a focus on Western Europe, this course is designed to make you familiar with the major intellectual movements and thinkers in the modern period. We cover both the towering, canonical figures and those critical of the canon. We look at the main schools of thought, the major political doctrines, and key literary and artistic groups, including humanism, Protestantism, Enlightenment rationalism, Romanticism, realism, nationalism, liberalism, capitalism, socialism, racism, feminism, colonialism, impressionism to surrealism, fascism, existentialism, and postmodernism. We also discuss the most significant conceptual categories that have defined the modern European world, including the concepts of nature, human nature, God, truth, reason, freedom, justice, gender, and race. The course differs from other history courses in that its emphasis is on intellectual matters--ideas, discourses, thinkers, schools of thought--and differs from a philosophy, literature or social science course in its emphasis on how ideas both reflect and contest their historical contexts.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3749 History of United States: Foreign Relations: 1920-1989

This course explores the major diplomatic, political, legal, and economic issues shaping U.S. Foreign relations with the wider world from the 1920s to the fall of communism in 1989.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3788 Building St. Louis Oral History

This course aims to provide a national and local understanding of how Americans and St. Louisians dealt with the problems of racism, poverty, and sexism from 1945 to the present. While history courses traditionally require that students analyze the credibility and subjectivity of each historical source, this course will further challenge students to use the methods of oral history to compare evidence from oral historical memory with written texts. By comparing St. Louis history with that of the rest of the nation, students will analyze regional differences and understand the unique historical conditions that shaped this city.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3813 Between Sand and Sea: History, Environment, and Politics in the Arabian Peninsula

Although it is today primarily associated with oil, the Arabian peninsula was for most of its history defined by water: its surrounding seas, its monsoon-driven winds, and its lack of water in its vast and forbidding interior deserts. As home to the major holy cities of Islam and a key source of global oil, the region has played an important role in the Western European and North American imagination. Despite being relatively sparsely populated, the peninsula hosts millions of believers each year on the annual Muslim pilgrimage, and it has been the site of major wars and military occupations by European, American, and other Middle Eastern countries for much of the 20th and 21st centuries. It has been an outpost of the Ottoman Empire, a center of British colonialism and (at Aden) an axis of its global empire, the location of Egypt's Vietnam (its long war in Yemen in the 1960s), the Gulf Wars I and II, and the recent wars in Yemen, to name just a few of the major conflicts. Often depicted as unchanging until caught up by the influx of massive oil wealth, this region is frequently characterized as a place of contradictions: home to some of the world's largest skyscrapers and also the most inhospitable and largest sand desert in the world, known as the Empty Quarter; the location of crucial American allies and the home of al-Qa'eda founder `Usama Bin Laden. In this course, we will examine the development of the peninsula historically to understand these contradictory images. We will investigate changes in the following arenas: environment and society; colonial occupation; newly independent states; the demise and development of key economic sectors (pearling; shipping; agriculture; oil; finance; piracy); political regimes; resources such as water, oil, and date palms; the growth of oil extraction infrastructure and its effects on the political regimes and societies in the region; the emergence of new Gulf cities; Islamic law; women's rights; human rights debates; and religious and ethnic minorities.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3904 Existentialist Thought

Existentialism begins with a disoriented individual facing a confused world that s/he cannot accept (Robert Solomon). Existentialists seek to make meaning of the brokenness (Marcel), dislocation (Merleau-Ponty), and ambiguity (de Beauvoir) of modern life. While its origins go back to the nineteenth-century (Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche), with even older antecedents, as a specific moment in the history of ideas existentialism was created in response to the age of anxiety from the end of World War I through the 1960s. It continues to ripple through to the present. We will explore the richness and depth of the canonic figures of existentialism. But we will also consider how that canon was itself shaped and what this entailed for how these thinkers have been understood. We will consider existentialist giants such as Sartre and Heidegger. But we will also spend time with less totemic thinkers. One key thematic strand will focus on is race and existentialism. In short, we will explore why existentialism continues to speak to the Millennial generation's concerns about the meaning and purpose of human existence.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 3922 Secular & Religious: A Global History

Recent years have seen a dramatic rethinking of the past in nearly every corner of the world as scholars revisit fundamental questions about the importance of religion for individuals, societies and politics. Is religion as a personal orientation in decline? Is Europe becoming more secular? Is secularism a European invention? Many scholars now argue that religion is a European term that doesn't apply in Asian societies. This course brings together cutting-edge historical scholarship on Europe and Asia in pursuit of a truly global understanding. Countries covered will vary, but may include Britain, France, Turkey, China, Japan, India and Pakistan.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 3931 Medieval Christianity

This course surveys the historical development of Christian doctrine, ecclesiastical organization, and religious practice between the 5th century and the 15th, with an emphasis on the interaction of religion, culture, politics, and society. Topics covered include: the Christianization of Europe; monasticism; the liturgy; sacramental theology and practice; the Gregorian reform; religious architecture; the mendicant orders and the attack on heresy; lay devotions; the papal monarchy; schism and conciliarism; and the reform movements of the 15th century.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM

HISTORY 3977 The Making of the Modern Catholic Church

This course examines the work of three church councils that put their stamp on the Catholic Church at key moments in its history, making it what it is today. The first section is dedicated to the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), which defined the high medieval church as an all-encompassing papal monarchy with broad powers over the lives of all Europeans, Christian and non-Christian alike. In the second section we turn our attention to the Council of Trent (1545-1563), which responded to the threat posed by the Protestant Reformation by reforming the Catholic church, tightening ecclesiastical discipline, improving clerical education, and defining and defending Catholic doctrine. We conclude with a consideration of the largest church council ever, Vatican II (1962-1965), which reformed the liturgy and redefined the church to meet the challenges of the modern, multicultural, post-colonial world.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM

HISTORY 3996 History Elective: 300-Level

This course is for 3000 level transfer credit.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

HISTORY 4017 Technology, Empire, and Science in China

How did technology, science, and empire intersect in early modern and modern Chinese history? Was there a unique Chinese way of studying nature? How did non-Chinese scientists and engineers contribute to China's knowledge of the world? This course offers a historical and historiographical survey of science and technology studies in China, from the 13th to the 20th century. It particularly examines the global circulation of scientific knowledge in the late imperial period, the place of technology in the empire building of the Qing dynasty (1637-1912), and the violent epistemic encounters between the West and China from the 19th century onward. Throughout the semester, we will explore Confucian scientists as well as Muslim geographers, Jesuit engineers, Manchu anatomies, and Chinese barefoot doctors. Positioning China within a global order, the students will question the premises of modern scientific discourses and try to respond to a seemingly simple question: What does science and technology even mean in a Chinese context?

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4018 European Intellectual History, 1789-1890

The development of modern rationalist individualism out of the French and Industrial Revolutions, its extension in Romanticism and Hegelian thought, and the reactions of modern ideologies (liberalism, conservativism, nationalism, and socialism); Romantic individuality; the conflicted responses to industrialization and modernity; liberal culture; Marxism; the aesthetic reaction; Nietzsche.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4031 Imperial Russia

The Russian tsars, from Peter the Great to Nicholas II, built the empire which became the Soviet Union. Now that the USSR is gone, historians focus not only on the governance of the Russians, but also on the fate of scores of nationalities ruled by them. This course also explores the changing reputation of Russia's rulers, especially the women rulers of the 18th century; the rise of an intelligentsia committed to radical reform; the fate of millions of serfs, and the government's efforts to steer a path between Muscovite traditions and a dynamic West.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4032 Captives, Slaves, & Renegades in the Early Modern Mediterranean

This reading-intensive course introduces students to the social, political, and cultural history of the Early Modern Mediterranean, and surveys the recent historiography on captives and converts as significant social actors and cultural brokers. The case studies in this course will be broad, ranging from the Persian empire and the Ottoman lands to Spain, France and England.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4034 American Pragmatism

This course examines the history of American pragmatism through three of its primary founders, the philosophers Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. It considers pragmatism as a response to the experience of uncertainty brought on my modernity, and contextualizes it amidst late nineteenth and early twentieth century thought and politics, namely, scientific methodology, evolutionary theory, the probabilistic revolution, Transcendentalism, the rise of secularism, slavery, Abolitionism, and the Civil War. Major essays by each thinker will be read as well as three intellectual biographies and one critical survey.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4035 The Fascist Challenge in Europe, 1919-1945

European Fascism was both a transnational and an international phenomenon. This course will focus on the study of national and transnational cultures of Fascism and fascist networks, the range and consistency of their ideological specificity, their internal cohesion as well as their ideas about the future. The central theme of the course will be the potential for violence and destruction, which became a horrific reality during the Second World War and the Holocaust.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4038 Beyond the Harem: Women, Gender, and Revolution

This course examines the history and current situations of women in Middle Eastern societies. The first half of the course is devoted to studying historical changes in factors structuring women's status and their sociopolitical roles. The second half of the course will focus on several case studies of women's participation in broad anticolonial social revolutions and how these revolutions affected the position of women in those societies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4041 American Intellectual History Since 1865

This course concentrates on social, cultural, philosophical and political thought since the end of the Civil War, and investigates how American thinkers have responded to the challenge of modernity. After an examination of the end of the old religious order and the revolt against Victorianism, it analyzes the subsequent rise of pragmatism, progressivism, literary modernism, radical liberalism, political realism, protest movements and the New Left, neo-conservatism and the New Right, and the current state of intellectuals in post-911 America.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4049 Research Seminar in Post-War Urbanism: Shrinking City or Growth Machine?

This course will explore the way that American cities have evolved in the face of shrinking de-industrialized economies and the shift to neo-liberal post-industrial growth. Focusing on the 1960s to the present, the class will examine the process of urban change in the late 20th century, including: de-industrialization; urban decline; growth policies; and gentrification.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4052 Advanced Seminar: Mexican Agriculture: Land, Politics and Development

Access to and ownership of land has been a major issue in Mexican history. Land tenure in economic development has been a constant source of tension and debate since the 18th century. Paradoxically, land tenure has been put forth as both the obstacle and the solution to the country's modernization. Given its centrality in the construction of the modern period, this course examines liberalism, agrarian revolts, the revolution, the green revolution and neoliberalism through the lens of land issues. This course will also explore how these have shaped and have been shaped by indigenous peoples and peasants, from land disentailment to the fight against GMO maize. Students will evaluate agrarian reforms, agricultural modernization programs, concepts of and transformations of natural resources, food production/consumption and social policies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4056 Advanced Seminar: Mad: Mental Illness, Power and Resistance in Africa and the Caribbean

This seminar explores the history of mental illness in Africa and the Caribbean during the colonial and post-colonial periods. We will be guided by the following questions: What is mental illness? How do social, cultural and political realities affect how mental illness is defined? Should mental illness always be analyzed within a specific cultural context? How did psychiatry factor into the efforts of European colonizers to maintain social order in their colonies? How have colonized people resisted colonial notions of madness? What is the place of religion in these histories? How did mental institutions change after the end of colonial rule and how was post-colonial Caribbean and African psychiatry harnessed in service of decolonization? The course will pay special attention to how European colonial powers employed similar understandings of blackness across regions as they formulated ideas concerning the black populations they deemed mad across Africa and the Caribbean.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4057 Advanced Seminar: Medicine, Disease and Empire

This course examines the history of medicine in connection to the politics of colonialism and empire-building, spanning the sixteenth century through the twentieth century. Topics covered include: epidemic disease outbreaks (e.g. smallpox, cholera, malaria); the role of science and medicine in endorsing the civilizing missions of empires; tropical climates and tropical diseases as western constructs; tensions between western medicine and indigenous healing practices and beliefs; ideas of race and racism in science and medicine; modern advancements in sanitation and public health and their implementation overseas; and the historical roots of the modern global health movement.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4070 Advanced Seminar: Japan in World War II-History and Memory

This course examines the history of World War II in Asia and how it has been remembered in the postwar era. We will trace the war, from the first Japanese military attack on China in 1931 through the US atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. We will also examine several postwar controversies concerning how the war has been forgotten and remembered in Japan, in the rest of Asia, and in the United States. Goals include grasping the empirical history of the war as a step to becoming familiar with the theories and methods of Memory Studies in History.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4072 Advanced Seminar: Sexuality in the United States

Does sex have a history, and if so, how can we study it? This seminar examines important themes in the history of sexuality: the relationship between sexual ideologies and practices; racial hierarchy and sexuality; the policing of sexuality; construction of sexual identities and communities; and sexual politics at the end of the century. Students will also spend time discussing theoretical approaches to the history of sexuality, as well as methodological issues, including problems of source and interpretation.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4080 Nuns

Nuns -- women vowed to a shared life of poverty, chastity, and obedience in a cloistered community -- were central figures in medieval and early modern religion and society. This course explores life in the convent, with the distinctive culture that developed among communities of women, and the complex relations between the world of the cloister and the world outside the cloister. We look at how female celibacy served social and political, as well as religious, interests. We read works by nuns: both willing and unwilling; and works about nuns: nuns behaving well, and nuns behaving scandalously badly; nuns embracing their heavenly spouse, and nuns putting on plays; nuns possessed by the devil, and nuns managing their possessions; nuns as enraptured visionaries, and nuns grappling with the mundane realities of life in a cloistered community.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

HISTORY 4087 Advanced Seminar: The Inquisition in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, 1200-1700

This seminar will study the history of the Inquisition from its beginnings in southern France in the first half of the 13th century up to the investigations undertaken by Dominicans and Franciscans in 17th century Mexico and Peru. Along the way the seminar will focus upon other inquisitions in Europe (especially those made in Italy, Spain, and Germany), and the hunt for heresy in Goa and the Phillipines. This course will read inquisitional manuals (books on how to conduct an inquisition), and original inquisitional documents (the records of the trials and interrogations). Consequently, the history of heresy and witchcraft, as understood by people in the past and historians in the present, will be discussed.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4088 Advanced Seminar: Europe's Jewish Question: Emanicpation, Antisemitism, & Jewish-Christian Confrontation

The so-called Jewish Question was a product of European modernity. It emerged in conjunction with the formation of modern states, Enlightenment projects for political reform, the decline of religious influence in society, and struggles over Jewish emancipation. In this seminar, students will examine the unusual career of this obsession from the sixteenth through the twentieth century by focusing selectively on a number of illustrative episodes: Christian Hebraism and the Reformation; the Enlightenment assault on religious power; European debates on Jewish emancipation; the emergence of the Jewish Question in the nineteenth century; antisemitism as a modern political phenomenon; the renewed discourse of Jewish ritual murder at the turn of the 20th century; Zionism and other forms of Jewish nationalism; and the question of anti-Zionism in the reformulation of the Jewish Question during the past half-century.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4092 Humanitarianism and Human Rights: Power, Paradigms, Protection

This course charts the twin development of Western humanitarianism and human rights, with a particular focus on aid and protection as forms of European and US imperialism. Each week, we will focus on one particular set of actors in the humanitarian field each week: representatives of states, international organizations, NGOs, philanthropists, emergency workers, legal experts, reporters, and not least the affected communities themselves. We will conclude with a discussion of how the complicated history of Western humanitarianism frames our understanding of more recent humanitarian emergencies, such as the European refugee crisis of 2015.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4115 Advanced Seminar: Gender, Race, and Class in South Africa, 1880-Present

By focusing on the complex historical dynamics of race, gender and class in South Africa over the past 120 years, this course is aimed at understanding the development of segregation, apartheid, and racial capitalism, as well as the emergence of multiple forms of resistance to counter white minority rule. Topics include: white settler expansion and the defeat of the African peasantry; the rise of mining capital and the emergence of a racially divided working class; the origins of African and Afrikaner nationalisms; migrant labor and the subordination of African women; and the prospects for a non-racial, non-sexist democracy in a unified South Africa.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4116 Advanced Seminar: Historical Perspectives on Human Rights

This course offers a historical perspective on the modern international human rights regime, using materials drawn from diplomatic, legal, political, and cultural studies. Successful completion of this seminar involves designing, researching, and writing a 25-30 page paper on a historically-oriented, human-rights-related topic of your choice.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4118 Advanced Seminar: Renaissance Florence and Venice

Venice was the most famously stable city-state in Renaissance Italy, Florence the most notoriously unstable one. This course explores how those contrasting political environments and experiences shaped social relations and cultural production (and vice versa) in those two cities.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4124 Advanced Seminar: Women and Religion in Medieval Europe

This course explores the religious experience of women in medieval Europe and attempts a gendered analysis of the Christian Middle Ages. In it, we will examine the religious experience of women in a variety of settings - from household to convent. In particular, we will try to understand how and why women came to assume public roles of unprecedented prominence in European religious culture between the twelfth century and the sixteenth, even though the institutional church barred them from the priesthood and religious precepts remained a principal source of the ideology of female inferiority.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4129 Advanced Seminar: The Crusades

This seminar will study the phenomenon of crusading in medieval Latin Christendom, from the First Crusade proclaimed by Pope Urban II in 1095 to the late crusades of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. We will particularly focus on crusading in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when the ideas and practices of being a martial pilgrim were developed and formalized by the Church. The concept of holy war in Latin Christianity and Islam will be examined. We will analyze the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople in 1204. We will investigate the Albigensian Crusade (1208-1229) into what is now southern France, when Christians were promised salvation for killing other Christians and whether genocidal moments occurred during this holy war against heretics. Topics to be discussed are the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other crusader colonies in the Levant, women on crusade, the poetry of crusading, chivalry, military orders like the Knights Templars and the Hospitallers, and violence as a redemptive act. One historiographic paper and a research essay are required.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4132 Advanced Seminar: Religion and the Secular: Struggles Over Modernity

A generation ago, scholars and observers around the world felt assured that modernization would bring the quiet retreat of religion from public life. But the theory of secularization now stands debunked by world events, and a host of questions has been reopened. This course provides students with a forum to think through these issues as they prepare research papers on topics of their own choosing.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4133 Advanced Seminar: Medicine On the Frontiers

When Europeans established maritime empires and trading routes beginning in the sixteenth century, they encountered not only new cultures, but new environments, natural products, and understandings of the human body. The encounters also introduced new ideas and vectors of disease, injury, and death to the societies of Africa, Asia, and the New World. This course examines how ideas about health and healing shaped global interactions in the early modern period and how these ideas were transformed by the movement of information, drugs, and medical practitioners around the world.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4134 Advanced Seminar: Women in Renaissance Italy

In Renaissance Italy, long-standing yet self-contradictory stereotypes of women contended with one another, as well as with new notions of domesticity, emergent models of education for women, and harsh social realities of legal subordination and political exclusion.  This course explores ideas about women and the lived experience of women in the varied environments of Renaissance Italy, from the merchant republics of Florence and Venice to the princely courts of the Po valley, and from middle-class households to aristocratic convents.  Readings will include primary sources (sermons, short stories, letters, diaries, chronicles, treatises, and court records, as well as surviving examples of material culture including paintings and sculpture) in English translation, as well as modern studies of women in Renaissance culture, society, and politics. Pre-modern, Europe.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4136 Advanced Seminar: Meet Me in St. Louis

This seminar uses the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition held in St. Louis as a lens to explore the intersection of exhibitionary culture, nation building and history. In the second half of the 19th century, world's fairs became a fact of life in many parts of the world. By the end of the century, American historian and cultural critic Henry Adams argued there was indeed a religion of world's fairs. These international expositions, as sites of pilgrimages not only informed people's perception of the world but also were ideal stages for young countries to showcase their achievements, to attract investors and to craft a national identity. Students will examine the rise of exhibitionary culture and the construction of patriotic histories and national symbols, the manufacturing of racial ideologies and otherness, and how these were all embedded in debates on civilization, modernity and progress.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4137 Independent Research for Capstone

This course is to be taken in addition to any Advanced Seminar for which a student registers. Course is 1 unit.

Credit 1 unit. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4138 Advanced Seminar: Blood & Sacred Bodies: Ritual Murder & Host Desecration Accusations

This seminar follows the history of the Ritual Murder and Host Desecration accusations from the origins in 12th and 13th century Europe to the 20th century. It pays close attention to the social and political functions of the narratives; their symbolic importance in Christianity's salviric drama; attacks on such beliefs from both within and outside the community of the faithful; the suppression and decline of the ritual murder accusation; the integration of Jews into European societies in the 19th century; and the reappearance of the blood libel in the aftermath of emancipation.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4139 Advanced Seminar: Fixing Boundaries, Crossing Borders: History of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands

This seminar will cover the history of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands from its indigenous past to the era of colonial encounters and national consolidations. Emphasizing the formation of the borderlands as a process, the course will examine a variety of economic, political, socio-cultural, and legal factors that have shaped and reshaped the development of the border region.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4140 Advanced Seminar: The U.S. in Afghanistan: Origins, Developments, Consequences

This course offers a historical examination and analysis of America's involvement in Afghanistan from the Cold War through the present, focusing in particular on the US War in Afghanistan from 2001 onward. Special attention will be given to political, military, diplomatic and economic dynamics as well as to international relationships, the experience of war and the subsequent developments upon both American and Afghani societies. Major topics covered include US covert operations against the Soviets in Afghanistan during the 1980s; revolution, civil war and the rise of the Taliban during the 1990s; 9/11 and the War on Terror; national building and stability measures during the early 2000s and subsequent security threats in the form of an insurgency, warlords, drug gangs, criminal networks and the al-Qaeda alliance of terrorist organizations; the key roles played by Pakistan, India, Iran, Russia, China and Central Asian states; the Obama surge and counterinsurgency operations starting in 2009; the soldier's experience, special forces, and covert operations; prisoners, torture and human rights abuses; the end of NATO's mission in 2014 and subsequent developments: the Ghani government, the return of the Taliban, the arrival of ISIS, the peace process, the U.S. drawdown and the elusive quest for peace and stability in Afghanistan. This is a capstone course open to history majors only. This course fulfills the History major capstone requirement as an Advanced Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4141 Advanced Seminar: Visual Culture and American History

How does United States history look different with visual culture at the center of the story? Focusing on the nineteenth century in particular, this course investigates how images and other visual objects did not simply reflect, but also shaped society, culture, politics, ideas and identities. The course moves from the Revoltion to the mass-culture society of the early twentieth century. During this period, American experienced a litany of profound transformations in the growth of cities to the emancipation of slaves.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4142 Advanced Seminar: Women and Gender in Modern Caribbean History

This course will highlight women in the making of Caribbean history, and it will consider how men and women were made in the English-speaking Caribbean from emancipation (1838) to the present. We will explore women and gender issues within the context of significant political shifts including the transition from slavery to wage and indentured labor, the labor rebellions of the 1930s, the rise of labor unions and political parties, anti-colonial activism, decolonization and nationalism. The course will also situate the Caribbean within an international context, paying attention to migration, black internationalism and the Third World movement.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4143 Advanced Seminar: Planning Global Cities

This team-taught advanced seminar will address the history and theory of a variety of metropolitan environments from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Readings will move from the nineteenth century state-centered urbanism of Paris of Vienna, through the colonial remaking of cities like Manila or Caracas and their connections to urban reform and the City Beautiful movement in the U.S., then through the rise of planning, zoning, auto-centered cities, federal interventions like urban renewal, the emergence of the preservation movement and new urbanisnm.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4144 Federalists, Antifederalists, and the Making of the Constitution

In this course, students will return to the brief but critical time in U.S. history when the Constitution was not the holiest of holy document it is today, but a highly controversial proposal for a more powerful national government. Students will closely examine key documents produced by the most vocal supporters and critics of the Constitution, as well as historical essays by leading scholars attempting to contextualize the debate.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4145 Advanced Seminar: Egypt and the Arab Spring: Middle Eastern Revolution in Historical Perspective

The uprisings of the Arab Spring of 2011 captivated global media and observers. The movements brought down established regimes in Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, and Egypt. The focus of this course will be to understand the historical background and primary contemporary issues that have shaped Egypt's Arab Spring, and to examine the huge popular effort to document Egypt's revolution. Each student will design, research, and write a 25-page paper on a topic of his/her choice related to the Arab Spring.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4146 Advanced Seminar: The Founding Fathers' Government in an Electronic Age

This is a research seminar that examines how Americans sought to translate their notions of government into a realistic set of priorities and a functioning set of public institutions. Extending from 1789 through the 1820s, this course investigates how the federal government came into being, what it did, and who populated the civilian and military rank of American officialdom. This is also a course in digital history. Students will create new knowledge through their own contributions to an ongoing digital project that seeks to reconstitute the early federal workforce. In the process, students will learn a variety of digital techniques, ranging from encoding languages to electronic systems to software packages.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4147 Advanced Seminar: The Enlightenment in Latin America: Science & Reason On the Colonial Frontier

What is Enlightenment? Neither the harbinger of a utopian society 'philosophes' and bureaucrats in the Age of Revolutions anticipated nor as totalitarian or destructive as social critics judged from the twentieth century, the projects of self-styled rationalists and empiricists have had repercussions in seemingly every aspect of life. This course invites students to consider the contributions of non-Western actors to the emergence of our modern world. Specifically, we examine the variety of ways scientists, administrators, and laypeople in Latin America and the Caribbean thought about medicine and disease, race, religion, social and political organization, and problems of truth and empiricism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The goal is to engage critically with the view that the modern world emerged from predominantly textual, literate, English, or French traditions and to think about how we can recover the cultural contributions of non-literate groups of indigenous American, African, and Spanish descent.

Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4148 Advanced Seminar: Gender, Sexuality, and the Body in Latin America

This course offers students an immersion in the relevent debates on gender, sexuality, and the body as lenses through which Latin America can be understood. Through a variety of methodologies, perspectives, and document types, students will engage such diverse topics as: colonial gender systems; state violence; homosexuality; love and relationship; work; emotive culture; social discourse; citizenship; revolution; and identity. Through memoirs, primary archival sources, and secondary treatments of the past and present, as well as film, we will explore how gender, sexuality, and the body are not only important in understanding Latin America, but vital.

Credit 4 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4149 Advanced Seminar: Slavery in America: The Politics of Knowledge Production

This course focuses on the long history of chattel slavery in North America, from origins through emancipation, encompassing Black and Indigenous enslavement. The course foregrounds the struggles over power, over life and death, that were at the heart of slavery's traumatic and grotesquely violent two-hundred-fifty-year career in North America, with attention to hemispheric context. At the same time, it highlights the fiercely contested historical battleground where scholars have argued about how to define American slavery--as a system or site of labor, production, and reproduction; law, property, and dispossession; racial and gender domination; sexual violation, rape, and incest; psychological terror and social death; containment and marooning; selfhood and nationality; agency and resistance; anti-colonial and revolutionary liberation and millennial redemption. Finally, it engages the politics of knowledge production that have produced the slavery archive, replete with its annihilating silences, repressions, and erasures, and overdetermined presences. In the end, the course's overarching question is how the politics of slavery, of its material experiences, interpretations, and archives, have shaped the lives and afterlives of slavery and race, to the present day. Students will conduct original research on topics related to North American slavery in consultation with the instructor that will culminate in a 12-15-page final essay. The course includes attention to the role of slavery in the founding and development of Washington University, and research projects that engage the University's slavery archive and questions related to enslavement in the history of the University and/or the history of St. Louis are welcome and will be supported by Olin Library Special Collections and other resources. Modern, U.S. PREREQUISITE: SEE HISTORY HEADNOTE.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: BA, ETH, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4150 Advanced Seminar: Inventing India

From Christopher Columbus' misguided search for a mythical notion of India, to the Incredible India branding campaign launched by the Indian State's Department of Tourism, to the allure of yoga and true love, the notion of India has its own history. In this Advanced Seminar we trace the invention of India - as a concept - over time. We'll learn how the fabrication of India has proceeded through the centuries, and how the many meanings of India coalesce, nimbly side-stepping any popular or professional narrative of Indian history. Mobilizing an array of interdisciplinary tools, we will plot how the fetishization of India has itself become a flexible industry, how the management of Indian exceptionalism drives caste expansion. We'll study how the process renders certain subject positions and hierarchies as neutral and hegemonic while violently discarding others; how India is a product collectively manufactured, circulated, and consumed by a range of people around the world; the very real work of translation in bringing India into our everyday lives and imaginaries. This course fulfills the History major capstone requirement as an Advanced Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4158 Topics in American History: Race and Drugs in American History

This course explores the racial construction of the use of legal and illegal substances in American history from the mid-19th century to the present. We will spend time engaging in a historical analysis of the social, economic, and racial dynamics that defined drug addiction in popular imagination, and examine how these factors contributed to discussions about legality, access to substances, one's ability to be rehabilitated, and criminal status. Regarding criminality we will particularly explore sociological and theoretical perspectives of labeling, habitual and occasional offenders, and moral panic in order to understand how racial minority groups were targeted for different rhetorical, legislative, and economic purposes. One major goal of the course will be to outline the early 20th century beginnings of the war on drugs and connect it to the century long growth of a militarized police system and prison industrial complex. We will secondly work to understand the role of local and national political actors, law enforcement, and the media in manufacturing and maintaining connections between race, crime and drugs. Ultimately, we will use our study of drugs to contextualize 21st century issues of police violence, increases in homicide in minority communities, mass incarceration, poverty, segregation, and mass movements of protest.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4160 The Culture of Death in East Asia

This course explains a wide range of historical themes pertaining to death in East Asia, namely China, Korea, and Japan. The key questions addressed in this course are how and why people in the past understood and experienced death in certain ways, and in what ways the experience and meaning of death transformed over time. We will try to answer these questions by exploring historical and cultural terrains that shaped the ways in which people conceptualized death and afterlife in the three countries. Throughout the first half of the semester, we will observe how notions of death and afterlife evolved and were shaped and influenced within the multifaceted interplay between religions, philosophies, ideologies, and popular customs. We then move on to the impact of modernization on the practices of death in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Students will be asked to think critically and creatively about how to define death as a historical experience or event, as well as how we could see history differently through the lens of death. For this purpose, we will consult a variety of course materials, such as selected secondary scholarship, primary documents, ghost tales, and films. Although a short lecture will be given when necessary, the class will be discussion-based. Studenets who are interested in death but have no background in East Asian studies and history are welcome; we value any creative input from the perspective of diverse cultural backgrounds as far as death is taken seriously.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4161 Directed Fieldwork in Historical and Archival Professions

A fieldwork project under the direction of a faculty member from the Department of History. Normally planned and undertaken in conjunction with an established museum or archival program.

Credit 4 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4163 Directed Fieldwork in Historical and Archival Professions

A fieldwork project under the direction of a faculty member from the Department of History. Normally planned and undertaken in conjunction with an established museum or archival program.

Credit 4 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4251 Advanced Seminar: Race, Crime, and American Prisons

This course will explore the politics of race, crime, policing, criminal justice, and the American prison system. Specifically, the race component of the class will focus on the racial dichotomy of Black and White, and how that has manifest in crime and imprisonment. Students will read several important texts that engage these subjects and will become familiar with the prominent ideas in a growing historiography that addresses inequality in law enforcement. We will also examine a few historical theories that have shaped this scholarship in order to understand how historians have dealt with the problem of racial prejudice in crime and punishment. As a result, the class will begin with themes of criminalization along lines of gender and racial identity, and ultimately lead to a history of the American carceral state.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4254 Advanced Seminar: Medieval Foundations of Modern Law

This seminar will study the law codes, legal theories, forensic methods, modes of litigation, judicial processes, criminal punishments, and legal cultures of the medieval West from the fifth century to the fifteenth. Topics to be discussed include the Late Roman Theodosian and Justinianic Codes, law in a lawless world after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the early English (or Anglo-Saxon) law codes, laws as songs, monastic Rules, Carolingian capitularies, the early medieval penitentials, feudal law, the Gregorian Reforms, secular and canon law, the rediscovery of Roman law, the rise of lawyer popes, the first university law schools in the twelfth century, the Fourth Lateran Council, Magna Carta, the early inquisitions into heretical depravity, courtroom testimony and confession, methods of interrogation and cross-examination, torture, life imprisonment, the development of English common law and the jury system, law as a secular profession, and the writing of laws and legal documents in vernacular languages (especially English and French) rather than Latin by the fifteenth century. The modern legal system of the United States (and the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia) was founded upon the legal history of this medieval millennium. The fundamental differences between Anglo-American and European law (and much of Central and South American law) also derives from these early centuries. Students will participate in weekly seminars reading and discussing primary and secondary sources in translation. Students are required to write a historiographic essay (4-6 pages) and a research essay (20-30 pages) on topics of their choosing. No prerequisites. 4 Units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4275 Palestine, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

This course examines the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Topics include: Palestine in the late Ottoman period; the development of modern Zionism; British colonialism and the establishment of the Palestine Mandate; Arab-Jewish relations during the Mandate; the growth of Palestinian nationalism and resistance; the establishment of the state of Israel and the dispersion of the Palestinians in 1948; the Arab-Israeli wars; both Palestinian uprisings; and the peace process.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4432 Advanced Seminar: Medieval Foundations of Modern Law

This seminar will study the law codes, legal theories, forensic methods, modes of litigation, judicial processes, criminal punishments, and legal cultures of the medieval West from the fifth century to the fifteenth. Topics to be discussed include the Late Roman Theodosian and Justinianic Codes, law in a lawless world after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the early English (or Anglo-Saxon) law codes, laws as songs, monastic Rules, Carolingian capitularies, the early medieval penitentials, feudal law, the Gregorian Reforms, secular and canon law, the rediscovery of Roman law, the rise of lawyer popes, the first university law schools in the twelfth century, the Fourth Lateran Council, Magna Carta, the early inquisitions into heretical depravity, courtroom testimony and confession, methods of interrogation and cross-examination, torture, life imprisonment, the development of English common law and the jury system, law as a secular profession, and the writing of laws and legal documents in vernacular languages (especially English and French) rather than Latin by the fifteenth century. The modern legal system of the United States (and the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia) was founded upon the legal history of this medieval millennium. The fundamental differences between Anglo-American and European law (and much of Central and South American law) also derives from these early centuries. Students will participate in weekly seminars reading and discussing primary and secondary sources in translation. Students are required to write a historiographic essay (4-6 pages) and a research essay (20-30 pages) on topics of their choosing. No prerequisites. 4 Units.

Credit 4 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4521 Race, Crime, and Prisons in American History

This course will explore the politics of race, crime, policing, criminal justice, and the American prison system. Specifically, the race component of the class will focus on the racial dichotomy of Black and White, and how that has manifest in crime and imprisonment. Students will read several important texts that engage these subjects and will become familiar with the prominent ideas in a growing historiography that addresses inequality in law enforcement. We will also examine a few historical theories that have shaped this scholarship in order to understand how historians have dealt with the problem of racial prejudice in crime and punishment. As a result, the class will begin with themes of criminalization along lines of gender and racial identity, and ultimately lead to a history of the American carceral state.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4532 The Culture of the Renaissance

The scholars, artists, and assorted adventurers who self-consciously broke with the medieval past and called for new methods of communication, the rethinking of human affairs, and the exploration of the wide world created a vast and influential culture. Once thought to herald the start of the modern era, the Renaissance has been revealed as contradictory, complex, and cross-cultural; a subject worthy of examination in its own right. In this course we will analyze key primary sources and use recent scholarly works to consider the social, political, and intellectual contexts that produced and promoted this cultural transformation. As historians, we will always be concerned with the purpose(s) culture serves and who culture is for.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4804 Advanced Seminar: Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan

The division of India and Pakistan at the time of Independence from British colonial rule was a major event that has left its mark on the lives, memories, and politics of contemporary South Asians. Why did British India break apart along apparently religious lines? Was sectarian or communal violence inevitable, or endemic in South Asian society? How was Partition - a time of violence, mistrust, dispossession, displacement, and mass migration -- experienced by ordinary people? How is the traumatic memory of this event borne by individual women, children, by families? How does its legacy persist, and how is it being remembered, and reckoned with, today? In this course, we will not find final answers to these difficult questions, but we will learn how to explore them responsibly, using literature, film, and other archival sources. This course provides students with a forum to discuss and explore topics of their own choosing.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4815 Advanced Seminar: New York, New York: The Empire City From Stuyvesant to Trump

This research seminar engages the long history of greater New York City: from the place Native Americans called Manna-hata to the largest city in the United States and the world political, financial, and cultural capital that it is today. The course explores New York City's ambivalent relationship with America, with the world, and with itself. It focuses on matters of power - how, in different moments of the city's history, it was defined, who held it, and how various groups managed to contest for it; matters of exchange and extraction - political, cultural, and economic; and matters of belonging - whether a city of immigrants, exiles and refugees succeeded in becoming a home for the homeless. It pays close attention to both the micro - the street corner and the political ward; the bridge and the tunnel; the gentrifying neighborhood; the mosaic of the city's foodways; the theater, financial, slaughterhouse, brothel, and other districts - and the macro - the banks and the stock exchange; the port and transit authorities; the instrumentalities of knowledge and cultural production in the city's universities, print media, clubs, and salons; the sports empires; and the political machines, organized crime, grassroots labor and political movements, insurgencies, and undergrounds. Above all, the course will foreground the city's massive and unbearable contradictions, as a city of skyscrapers and of basement dives, lures, and snares; as a symbol of the future and freedom bound to traumatic, slave, and unfree pasts; as a symbol of modern independence bound to modern interdependence; and as a place of renaissances and ruinations, where the world either comes together or spectacularly falls apart. Sites of potential investigation, in a list that is suggestive rather than exhaustive, range from the African Burial Ground to the 9/11 Memorial and Museum, from Hamilton to Hamilton, from Boss Tweed to Robert Moses, from the Five Points to Chinatown, from Delmonico's to Sylvia's, from Blackwell's Island Lunatic Asylum to Hart Island Potter's Field, from the African Free School to Ocean Hill-Brownsville, from Marcus Garvey to Amadou Diallo, from Billie Holiday to Andy Warhol, from James Baldwin's Harlem to Stonewall, from George Steinbrenner to Jerry Seinfeld, from the Gowanus Canal to Estée Lauder, and, in the spirit of the course title, from Stuyvesant to Trump. Students will engage with the history of New York City via two three-page book reviews, a three-page site analysis, and two five-minute oral reports on assigned readings before conducting their own original research in consultation with the instructor that will culminate in a 15-page final essay. Attendance at all classes and participation in class discussions required. This course fulfills the history major capstone requirement as an Advanced Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4871 Colonial Cities and the Making of Modernity

Massive urban growth has been a central result of the incorporation of many areas--both central and peripheral--into the global economy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Scholars have long theorized urbanization as a key component of modernity, but they have usually done so by looking at urbanization and modernization from the perspective of the West. This course will investigate the character of cities in the colony and then use these empirical and analytical entry points to examine critically some theories of modernity. The geographical focus of the course will be primarily on cities in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM, IS EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4880 History Elective: 400-Level

This course is for 4000 level transfer credit.

Credit 12 units. EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring, Summer

HISTORY 4882 Advanced Seminar: Money Talks: Readings in Economic History

To date, economic history has been dominated by quantitative research. In recent years, however, there has been a turn toward more qualitative analysis. With his landmark Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty argued that Economics ought to return to its origins in political and moral philosophy. Similarly, on this side of the Atlantic, a new generation of historians has begun to revisit the history of capitalism with methods that combine both numbers and narrative. In this advanced seminar, students will read both contemporary and seminal works in the field of economic history as well as writings from a wide variety of social scientists and humanistic scholars who study the economy. The aim of this course is to think critically about the historical construction of both economics as a discipline and the economy as a field of inquiry.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4883 History Coursework Completed Abroad

This course is for 4000 level study abroad credit.

Credit 12 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

HISTORY 4884 Advance Seminar: The Roots of the American Working Classes: Myths, Realities, Histories

The diverse realities of American labor and working-class experience have long been submerged under layers of politics and ideology. How should we study the lives of working people? What questions should we ask? Where do we go to answer them? This research seminar engages the lived experiences of the American working classes, in all their complexity, over the long 19th- and 20th-centuries, to the present. The course has the double project of (1) exploring the roots of mythologies about American working people that have the effect of distorting or erasing their experiences, efforts and accomplishments, and struggles for organization, visibility, citizenship, and power, with special attention to mythologies about American workers who are non-white, non-male, and non-U.S.-born who did/do not fit conventional tropes of American labor or the white worker; and (2) exploring the roots of working people's experiences, as shaped by forces of technology, class, race, gender and sexuality, religion, nationalism, and violence : what are the challenges, conceptual and archival, of studying the people, in their working and familial/community lives, as producers and consumers, in their organizing efforts, and in their civic and political capacities? How did the transformation of work, technology, culture, and society over this long era from Enslavement to Artificial Intelligence, from Blackface Minstrelsy to Hip Hop, shape working people's lives and struggles? How did working people survive cataclysmic crises, from the Civil War to Covid, and mold the evolution of American citizenship and democracy? Each student will produce a 12-15 page original research paper related to the course material, based on an analysis of primary sources, in consultation with the instructor, and due at the end of the semester; the course is designed to closely mentor students in this project.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Spring

HISTORY 4886 Advanced Seminar: The U.S. in Vietnam: Origins, Developments, and Consequences

This course will focus on America's involvement in Vietnam from the era of French colonialism through the collapse of United States intervention. Special attention will be given to political, military, economic, and cultural aspects, as well as to international relationships, and the significance of the experience and subsequent developments upon both American and Vietnamese societies.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4888 Advanced Seminar: Digital Frontiers in History

Can digital technologies offer new ways to rethink historical narratives? Is DH the future of the humanities and of history as a profession? Can DH and critical inquiry be brought together? This course explores the history, present, and future of digital humanities (DH) to seek responses to these questions. From its origins in the Cold War to its rise to fame in the 1990s, the digital turn in the humanities has garnered excitement and support as well as critique and even disavowal from historians. In this course, we will examine the debates in the field of DH and learn about new ways in which historians are using digital tools for academic research as well as public outreach and activism. The course will be divided into two parts. The first half of the course will be devoted to understanding the historical growth and the present status of the field. In the second half, students will be learning basic digital tools to conduct research. The purpose of the course is not to turn historians into coders; it is to understand what codes can do for historians.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

HISTORY 4889 Advanced Seminar: History of the Body

Do bodies have a history? Recent research suggests that they do. Historians have tapped a wide variety of sources - including vital statistics, paintings and photographs, hospital records, and sex manuals - to reconstruct changes in how humans have conceptualized and experienced their own bodies. We will pay particular attention to the intersection of European cultural history and history of medicine since 1500. This course fulfills the History major capstone requirement as an Advanced Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall

MEDH 1996 Medical Humanities Elective

This course is for independent study in Medical Humanities.

Credit 0 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

MEDH 2996 Medical Humanities Elective

This course is for independent study in Medical Humanities.

Credit 0 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

MEDH 3000 What is Medical Humanities?

What is medical humanities? What are its core questions and methods? When and how did the field emerge? To whom does it matter and why? These questions will ground our exploration of recent work in medical humanities. We begin with readings chosen by the instructor to illuminate various humanistic methods (e.g., historical, literary, philosophical) and their approach to recurrent topics and problems in the field (e.g., the doctor-patient relationship, illness as experience, the social construction of disease, health inequality, medicalization). In the second part of the course, students will be guided in co-writing and co-teaching the rest of the syllabus. Students will finish the class able to provide their own definition of medical humanities and to explain the field's origins and concerns as well as why and to whom the field matters. Enrollment preference will be given to students who have already declared the minor in medical humanities.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, ETH, HUM EN: H

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

MEDH 3995 Medical Humanities Coursework Taken Abroad

This course is for study abroad credits.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Summer

MEDH 3996 Medical Humanities Elective

 This course is for independent study in Medical Humanities.

Credit 0 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

MEDH 3999 Independent Work in Medical Humanities

This designation can be used for independent studies and reading courses in medical humanities. It requires prior approval from the director of the medical humanities minor.

Credit 3 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring

MEDH 4996 Medical Humanities Elective

 This course is for independent study in Medical Humanities.

Credit 0 units.

Typical periods offered: Fall, Spring